Engine. Review the 122 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
Fuel/propulsion System. Review the 52 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
Power Train. Review the 35 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →

NHTSA owner reports · September 18, 2026 snapshot.

16 crash reports0 fire reports6 injury reports

What owners actually said

295 reports

76,025 miles · Dec 12, 2017

Unknown Or Other

SECONDARY AIR CONTROL VALVE FAILURE IN THE OPEN POSITION

NHTSA ODI #11054228

48,020 miles · Dec 6, 2017

Fuel/propulsion System

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CODE P2443 VALVE STUCK CLOSED CAME UP WHEN MY "TRAC AND CEL" LIGHTS CAME UP ON THE DASH. THIS HAPPENED ON STARTUP. THIS CODE IS A FAILURE OF THE SECONDARY AIR INJECTION SWITCHING VALVE STUCK CLOSED. THIS CONDITION CAN LEAD TO LOST POWER WHEN DRIVING CALLED A "LIMP MODE" AND IS OCCURRING ON TOYOTA TACOMA"S AT AROUND THE 50K MILE MARK AS I HAVE FOUND ON THE TACOMA WORLD WEBSITE. THIS ISSUE HAS ALSO BEEN NOTED ON THE TOYOTA TUNDRA AS WELL AND A TSB HAS BEEN ISSUED TO FIX THIS PROBLEM BUT NOT FOR THE TACOMA. I HAVE NOTED THAT MY POWER HAS DIMINISHED SINCE THE LIGHTS CAME ON (3 DAYS). I CHECKED WITH MY TOYOTA DEALER AND THEY SAY THEY HAVE NO HISTORY OF THIS HAPPENING. TACOMA OWNERS SAY THIS ISSUE IS WELL KNOWN AND TOYOTA IS FAILING TO ADDRESS A FIX. THE LOSS OF POWER CAN OCCUR ANYTIME AND IF IT HAPPENS ON A BUSY INTERSTATE OR HIGHWAY CAN RESULT IN ACCIDENTS.

NHTSA ODI #11052804

Mileage unknown · Dec 3, 2017

Engine

39K MILES THROWS CODES RELATING TO SECONDARY AIR INJECTION PUMP. $2100 QUOTE TO FIX. MANY OTHER OWNERS WITH THE SAME PROBLEM

NHTSA ODI #11052070

55,000 miles · Nov 20, 2017

Fuel/propulsion SystemPower Train

CHECK ENGINE LIGHT AND TRAC OFF LIGHT CAME ON. TRUCK WENT INTO "LIMP" MODE AND WOULD ONLY GO ABOUT 35MPH. CHECKED THE ERROR CODE AND IT WAS P2442 WHICH SAYS THE SECONDARY AIR INJECTION SYSTEM IS FAILING. TRUCK HAS ONLY 55K MILES ON IT AND HAS BEEN REGULARLY MAINTAINED BY TOYOTA DEALERSHIPS EVERY 6 MONTHS / 5K MILES. DEALERSHIP H…

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NHTSA ODI #11047407

63,000 miles · Nov 18, 2017

Engine

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CHECK ENGINE LIGHT AND TRAC OFF LIGHT CAME ON AND NEXT THING THE CAR WOULD NOT ACCELERATE PROPERLY WHILE PULLING OUT ON TO A HIGHWAY HEADING UP HILL I HAD NO POWER. FORTUNATELY I WAS NOT KILLED BY THE 50 PLUS MILE PER HOUR TRAFFIC. AFTER MAKING DOWN THE HIGHWAY WAS ABLE TO GET INTO A PEP BOYS WHERE THEY CODED THE SECONDARY AIR SYSTEM. THIS IS A SERIOUS ISSUE THAT COULD HAVE KILLED ME OR SOMEONE ELSE. I PLAN TO CONTACT AN ATTORNEY AFTER FINDING OUT THEY ONLY COVER THEIR MOST EXPENSIVE VEHICLES WITH THEY EXACT SAME SYSTEM. I GUESS 35K ON A TRUCK WASN'T ENOUGH. THE PART COST ME $770 DOLLARS AND I'M NOT SURE IF ITS SAFE BECAUSE I HAD TO DO JOB MYSELF BECAUSE I COULD NOT AFFORD $2000.00 FOR 2 HOURS WORK.

NHTSA ODI #11047192

60,000 miles · Nov 8, 2017

Engine

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OEM PARTS FAILURE DUE TO MANUFACTURERS DEFECT. THIS EXACT ISSUE PROMPTED RECALL OF THE TOYOTA TUNDRA. DEALERSHIP REPORTS NUMEROUS CUSTOMERS WITH SAME ISSUE. REPAIR IS OVER $2,000. THIS IS SERIOUS ISSUE. AIR INJECTION PUMPS AND SWITCHING VALVES ARE FAULTY ALLOWING WATER INTO THE SYSTEM AND CAUSING THE ENGINE TO SEIZE UP AND DECREASE ENGINE SPEED. THIS HAPPENED ON I-90 IN HEAVY TRAFFIC CAUSING OTHER MOTORISTS TO APPLY BREAKS QUICKLY. CONTACTED TOYOTA AND THEY ARE AWARE OF THE ISSUE BUT HAVE NO PLANS TO INITIATE A RECALL.

NHTSA ODI #11044409

69,000 miles · Nov 5, 2017

EngineFuel/propulsion System

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RECENTLY I WAS DRIVING MY 2012 TOYOTA TACOMA ON THE HIGHWAY AT A SUSTAINED SPEED OF 70 MPH. A CHECK ENGINE LIGHT CAME ON AND MY CAR INSTANTLY DROPPED IN SPEED TO LESS THAN 40 MPH WHILE IN FAST MOVING TRAFFIC. I WAS ALMOST REAR ENDED BY A LARGE TRUCK AND WAS FORCED TO CROSS MULTIPLE LANES OF TRAFFIC TO GET TO THE BERM AND ASCERTAIN THE SITUATION. AS I COULD FIND NO ISSUES UPON INSPECTION, I PRECARIOUSLY DROVE THE VEHICLE TO A SERVICE STORE TO READ THE ERROR CODES. THE VEHICLE SHOWED P2440 P2442 ERROR CODES INDICATING SECONDARY AIR INJECTION FAILURES. APPARENTLY, THE VEHICLE WENT INTO LIMP MODE UPON THROWING THESE CODES WHICH LIMITS SPEED AND ENGINE RPM. THIS ALMOST CAUSED A HUGE ACCIDENT AND PUT ME INTO A A VERY DANGEROUS SITUATION. ADDITIONALLY UPON RESEARCHING THESE ISSUES, IT SEEMS THIS IS A WELL DOCUMENTED ISSUE CAUSED BY MANUFACTURING DEFECTS ISOLATED TO THE 2012 MODEL YEAR. APPARENTLY, THE SYSTEM IS DEFECTIVE IN MULTIPLE WAYS. FIRST, A PIECE OF FOAM IS INSIDE THE SECONDARY AIR PUMP WHICH DEGRADES AND IS SUCKED INTO THE FAN WHICH NOT ONLY CAUSES STOPPAGE AND BURNING OUT THE FAN MOTOR BUT ALSO ALLOWS FOR STINKY RESIDUE AND DEBRIS TO ENTER THE VALVES CAUSING THEM TO JAM OPEN OR CLOSED. ADDITIONALLY, THE SYSTEM ALLOWS MOISTURE TO BE SUCKED INTO THE VALVES ADDING TO CORROSION AND DEGRADATION OF THE VALVES LEADING TO THEM TO BE STUCK. THIS IS A ROUGHLY 1500.00-2000.00 REPAIR. IT IS A QUITE FREQUENT PROBLEM WITH THIS MODEL YET IS NOT COVERED UNDER RECALL OR SERVICE BULLETIN. TOYOTA HAS ACKNOWLEDGED THE ISSUE YET NOT TAKEN ANY ACTION. ADDITIONALLY, THEY HAVE HAD SIMILAR PROBLEMS WITH THE TUNDRA/SEQUOIA AND OFFERED REMEDY TO OWNERS VIA EXTENDED WARRANTY. THIS IS NOT ONLY A QUALITY CONTROL ISSUE BUT MORE IMPORTANTLY A SEVERE SAFETY ISSUE WITH THE AUTOMATIC REDUCTION TO A SLOW SPEED IN FAST HEAVY TRAFFIC.

NHTSA ODI #11043429

45,000 miles · Nov 3, 2017

Unknown Or Other

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SECONDARY AIR INJECTION SYSTEM FAILURE CAUSED MY VEHICLE TO ENTER LIMP MODE IN A HIGH SPEED/HIGH TRAFFIC AREA. "LIMP MODE" RENDERS THE VEHICLE INCAPABLE OF SPEEDS HIGHER THAN 30 MPH. CAUSING A HAZARD TO OTHER MOTORISTS, I EXITED THE HIGHWAY AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE. UPON RESEARCHING THE TOPIC I CAN PLAINLY SEE THIS IS SOMETHING THAT IS QUITE COMMON WITH MY PARTICULAR VEHICLE. HOWEVER, OTHER MODELS MADE BY THE SAME MANUFACTURER ARE BEING RECALLED AND REPAIRED WHILE THE MODEL I OWN IS NOT. IN ADDITION TO MODEL, THE YEAR OF MY VEHICLE SEEMS TO BE EXPERIENCING AN UNUSUALLY HIGH VOLUME OF FAILURES. FILING A COMPLAINT HERE IS ONLY APPROPRIATE AND APPROPRIATELY, THE AUTOMOTIVE MAKER SHOULD BE HELD RESPONSIBLE.

NHTSA ODI #11042842

51,000 miles · Oct 30, 2017

EngineFuel/propulsion SystemPower Train

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I START UP THE TRUCK AND PULL OUT IN TO THE STREET. WHETHER AT AN INTERSECTION OR MAKING A TURN, I PUSH ON THE ACCELERATOR AND NOTHING HAPPENS. THE RPMS DON'T INCREASE, ENGINE MAKES NO SOUND - AND I AM LEFT SITTING IN THE MIDDLE OF THE ROAD. I PUSH THE ACCELERATOR TO THE FLOOR AND EVENTUALLY THE ENGINE COMES TO LIFE AND THE TRUCK MOVES FORWARD. HAPPENS MORE OFTEN THAN NOT WHEN THE VEHICLE IS "COLD" - WITHIN THE FIRST 20-30 MINUTES OF OPERATION. THE ACCELERATOR IS NOT LINKED DIRECTLY TO THE ENGINE THROUGH A CABLE BUT IS A DRIVE BY WIRE. I HAVE MAINTAINED MY TACOMA METICULOUSLY SINCE PURCHASE INCLUDING TUNE UPS, OIL CHANGES, ETC. I HAVE CLEANED THE MASS AIR FLOW SENSOR WITH NO CHANGE. THE PROBLEM STILL PERSISTS. IT IS VERY DANGEROUS TO BE IN THE MIDDLE OF AN INTERSECTION WITH A VEHICLE THAT HAS LOST POWER.

NHTSA ODI #11041373

64,000 miles · Oct 24, 2017

Engine

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MY 2012 TACOMA IS THROWING LIGHTS ON FOR A NEW SECONDARY AIR INJECTOR VALVE , PARTS P2440 AND P2442. THE TOYOTA MECHANIC SAID THIS IS A COMMON PROBLEM WITH THESE OVER THE PAST FEW YEARS AS THE 2012'S HOLD MOISTURE AFTER SHUT DOWN AND THE VALVES BREAK DOWN. I SEE THIS IS A COMMON PROBLEM ONLINE AND A VERY EXPENSIVE FIX FOR US ALL. THIS SHOULD BE COVERED FIX, JUST BECAUSE IT DOESN'T CAUSE IN IMMINENT HEALTH HAZARD DOESN'T MEAN IT'S NOT A PROBLEM THAT TOYOTA SHOULD COVER. THE ISSUE WITH THE VEHICLE ONCE A SENSOR DETECTS THIS PROBLEM IS THAT IT PUTS IT IN A LIMP MODE, AND MAKES THE VEHICLE VERY SLUGGISH EVEN DIFFICULT TO ACHIEVE 45 MPH.

NHTSA ODI #11036005

Official recalls

17V425000 · Equipment; Structure:body:hood:hinge And Attachments

Jul 3, 2017

Southeast Toyota Distributors, LLC (SET) is recalling certain 2011-2016 Toyota Tacoma and 4Runner vehicles equipped with accessory hood scoops installed by SET or SET dealers. The adhesive attaching the hood scoop may weaken, allowing the hood scoop to detach from the vehicle.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the hood scoop detaches, it may become a road hazard, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: SET will notify owners, and dealers will mechanically fasten the scoop to the hood, free of charge. The recall began on September 1, 2017. Owners may contact SET customer service at 1-954-429-2000. SET's number for this recall is SET17B.

Additional source detail variants (2)

Equipment

Consequence: If the hood scoop detaches, it may become a road hazard, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: SET will notify owners, and dealers will mechanically fasten the scoop to the hood, free of charge. The recall began on September 1, 2017. Owners may contact SET customer service at 1-954-429-2000. SET's number for this recall is SET17B.

Structure:body:hood:hinge And Attachments

Consequence: If the hood scoop detaches, it may become a road hazard, increasing the risk of a crash.

14V475000 · Equipment:other:labels

Aug 4, 2014

Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing (Toyota) is recalling certain model year 2008-2014 FJ Cruiser and Tacoma vehicles equipped with accessory wheels and tires installed by Toyota or dealers prior to the vehicle's first sale. The affected vehicles may list incorrect spare tire size and/or cold tire inflation information on the tire placard. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 110, "Tire Selection and Rims for Passenger Cars."

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the spare tire is inflated to the incorrect pressure provided on the placard, tire failure may occur while it is being driven on, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: For the involved vehicles, overlay stickers to correct the tire placard will either be mailed to owners or provided to dealers for placement over the incorrect information on the placard. The recall is expected to begin in September 2014. Owners may contact Toyota customer service at 1-800-331-4331.

14V054000 · Electronic Stability Control (esc); Service Brakes, Hydraulic:antilock/traction Control/electronic Limited Slip:control Unit/module

Feb 12, 2014

Toyota is recalling certain model year 2012 and 2013 Toyota Tacoma and Lexus RX350 vehicles and certain model year 2012 Toyota Rav4 vehicles. In the affected vehicles, the brake system contains a brake actuator that adjusts the fluid pressure of each wheel cylinder. An electrical component within the actuator may experience an increased resistance resulting in the illumination of various warning lights, including those for the Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) system, Antilock Brake System (ABS), and Traction Control system.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If this occurs, these systems could become inoperative, reducing the directional control assistance, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: Toyota will notify owners, and Toyota and Lexus dealers will update the software for the Skid Control electronic control unit, free of charge. The recall began on March 28, 2014. Owners may contact Toyota at 1-800-331-4331.

Additional source detail variants (2)

Electronic Stability Control (esc)

Consequence: If this occurs, these systems could become inoperative, reducing the directional control assistance, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: Toyota will notify owners, and Toyota and Lexus dealers will update the software for the Skid Control electronic control unit, free of charge. The recall began on March 28, 2014. Owners may contact Toyota at 1-800-331-4331.

Service Brakes, Hydraulic:antilock/traction Control/electronic Limited Slip:control Unit/module

Consequence: If this occurs, these systems could become inoperative, reducing the directional control assistance, increasing the risk of a crash.

13V494000 · Tires:temporary/emergency Spare Tire

Oct 17, 2013

Southeast Toyota Distributors, LLC (SET) is recalling certain model year 2012-2013 Tacoma vehicles equipped with 18" Maverick Alloy Wheels. In the affected vehicles, the spare tire requires the use of a different style of lug nut to attach it to the vehicle than the other wheels use. These lug nuts were not provided with the vehicle.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the spare tire/wheel is installed on the vehicle using the lug nuts from another wheel, damage to the wheel could result and may eventually lead to a loose wheel, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: SET will notify owners, and dealers will: (a) Install a Warning Label on the spare tire/wheel, (b) supply a bag containing proper spare wheel lug nuts, and (c) place an Owner's Manual Addendum in the vehicle's glove box. The recall began on January 23, 2014. Owners may contact SET at 1-954-429-2000.

13V123000 · Equipment:other:labels

Apr 9, 2013

Southeast Toyota is recalling certain model year 2008 and 2010-2013 Toyota Tundra, 2010-2012 Rav4, 2012 Toyota Sequoia, 2010-2011 Toyota Corolla, 2010-2011 Toyota Camry and Camry Hybrid, 2010-2013 Toyota Highlander and Highlander Hybrid, 2010-2013 Toyota FJ Cruiser, 2011 Toyota Land Cruiser, 2010-2013 Toyota Venza, 2010-2011 Toyota 4Runner, 2010-2013 Toyota Tacoma, 2011-2012 Toyota Sienna, 2012 Toyota Prius, 2013 Scion FR-S, 2011 Scion XD, 2011 Scion XB, and 2012 Scion TC vehicles. These vehicles were sold with labels that were outside the allowable one percent of accuracy of actual weight added. Thus, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) Number 110, "Tire Selection and Rims."

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: An inaccurate label could lead to owners overloading their vehicles and tires. An overloaded vehicle can result in a tire failure which may result in a vehicle crash, personal injury, or property damage.

Remedy: Southeast Toyota will notify owners and provide a corrected label with instructions concerning its installation. A small group of the affected vehicles will need additonal remedies which are still being developed. The recall began on May 28, 2013. Owners may contact Southeast Toyota at 1-800-301-6859.

13V014000 · Air Bags:frontal:sensor/control MODULE-INACTIVE ; Seats

Jan 16, 2013

Southeast Toyota Distributors, LLC (SET) is recalling certain models interspersed through model years 2009 through 2013 as follows: model year 2009-2012 Tacoma, 4Runner, Camry, Camry Hybrid, Prius, and RAV4; model year 2009-2010 Avalon, FJ Cruiser, and Highlander Hybrid; model year 2010-2013 model year Corolla, Sienna and Tundra; model year 2009-2013 Highlander and Venza; model year 2012 Prius V; and model year 2010-2012 Sequoia. During modification by SET to include accessories such as leather seat covers, seat heaters or headrest DVD systems, these vehicles may not have had the passenger seat occupant sensing system calibration tested. Without passing the calibration test, the occupant sensing system may not operate as designed.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the front passenger seat occupant sensing system is out of calibration, the front passenger airbags may not deploy or they may deploy inappropriately for the passenger's size and position. This could increase the risk of personal injury during the event of a vehicle crash necessitating airbag deployment.

Remedy: Southeast Toyota will notify owners, and dealers will test the sensitivity of the occupant detection sensors, and recalibrate them as necessary. The recall began on March 21, 2013. Owners may contact Southeast Toyota at 1-800-301-6859.

Additional source detail variants (2)

Seats

Consequence: If the front passenger seat occupant sensing system is out of calibration, the front passenger airbags may not deploy or they may deploy inappropriately for the passenger's size and position. This could increase the risk of personal injury during the event of a vehicle crash necessitating airbag deployment.

Remedy: Southeast Toyota will notify owners, and dealers will test the sensitivity of the occupant detection sensors, and recalibrate them as necessary. The recall began on March 21, 2013. Owners may contact Southeast Toyota at 1-800-301-6859.

Air Bags:frontal:sensor/control MODULE-INACTIVE

12V158000 · Equipment:other:labels

Apr 10, 2012

GULF STATES TOYOTA (GST) IS RECALLING CERTAIN MODEL YEAR 2012 TACOMA TRUCKS. THE TIRE AND LOADING INFORMATION PLACARD ON EACH VEHICLE CONTAINS INACCURATE SPARE TIRE SIZE AND COLD INFLATION PRESSURE INFORMATION. THUS, THESE VEHICLES FAIL TO COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF FEDERAL MOTOR VEHICLE SAFETY STANDARD NO. 110,TIRE SELECTION AND RIMS.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: AN INCORRECT PLACARD COULD LEAD TO IMPROPER SPARE TIRE USE OR REPLACEMENT WHICH COULD RESULT IN A TIRE FAILURE, INCREASING THE RISK OF A CRASH.

Remedy: GST WILL NOTIFY OWNERS, AND SEND EACH OWNER A CORRECTED PLACARD, FREE OF CHARGE. THE SAFETY RECALL BEGAN ON JUNE 5, 2012. OWNERS MAY CONTACT GULF STATES TOYOTA, INC. AT 1-713-744-3465.

Model-level recall history does not show whether a particular VIN is affected or has received a repair. Check a VIN with NHTSA ↗

NHTSA investigations

EA19001 · Electrical Overstress

Opened Apr 19, 2019 · Closed Sep 19, 2024

Status: closed (inferred from source dates) · Air Bags: Air Bag/restraint Control Module

The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened this investigation to determine if the failure of airbags to deploy during severe crashes, in certain vehicles, was the result of a safety related defect. During the investigation a complex failure was studied that can result in non-deployment of subject vehicle air bags and other restraint system devices in severe crash events. The subject vehicles may be equipped with an airbag control unit (ACU) for the supplemental restraint system (SRS) Electronic Control Unit (ECU) manufactured by ZF-TRW. The ECU receives signals from crash sensors mounted in the vehicle and deploys the vehicle air bags and seat belt pretensioners in accordance with manufacturer design specifications. The ECU in the subject vehicles contains a model DS84 application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which controls the communication of the crash sensor signal, firing commands (i.e., when to deploy the airbag(s) and/or pretensioners), and fault information (e.g., diagnostic trouble codes). In September 2016, FCA announced recall 16V-668 for certain model year (MY) 2010 to 2014 Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep products manufactured with the subject ZF-TRW ACU. In this recall, FCA discussed an EOS condition that resulted in a failure of the subject DS84 ASIC, which caused air bag non-deployment. FCA noted that the defect condition had only been observed in vehicles equipped with sensor harnessing routed across the front of the vehicle. Other FCA vehicles that also used the subject ACU, but were not equipped with cross-car harnessing, had not experienced EOS failures, despite similar time in service. During the course of this investigation, ODI sent two separate Information Request (IR) letters to six vehicle manufactures (including FCA, Hyundai, Honda, Kia, Mitsubishi, and Toyota) and one IR letter to ZF-TRW. These IR letters resulted in ODI receiving comprehensive data from these manufacturers and suppliers. Studies of this data found that the DS84 ASIC does not have sufficient protection against negative electrical transients or electrical overstress (“EOS”) that can be generated in certain severe crashes. An electrical transient occurs when the electrical power supplied to a circuit changes momentarily over a short duration of time. In these severe crash cases, the crash sensors and other powered wiring can be damaged and short circuited so as to create a negative electrical transient of sufficient intensity and duration (that are outside the vehicle manufacturer's specification) to damage the ASIC before the restraint device deployment signal is received by the SRS ECU. This damaged signal can lead to incomplete or nondeployment of the air bags and/or pretensioners. Airbag non-deployment and/or lack of pretensioner operation can increase the risk or severity of injury in a crash.A total of 8 fatalities and 14 injuries were associated with known EOS events. The common element in all investigated manufacturers vehicles is the SRS ECU containing a DS84 ASIC manufactured by ZF-TRW. The risk associated with the ASIC is equally shared among all OEMS involved in the investigation. The actual real-world risk can be mitigated by other factors which were assessed by ODI during this investigation. The first mitigating factor involves protections built into the ACU design which protect the DS84 ASIC from damage. There are multiple strategies and levels of protection employed by different OEMs that provide effective EOS mitigation. The two most common strategies at the ACU level are circuit protection diodes on the remote senor signal lines, and current limiting resistors that protect critical components. The second mitigating factor is found at the vehicle level and involves the location and routing of the wires leading from the crash sensors to the SRS ECU. If the wires are well protected in a crash and are not routed with other power wires carrying large currents, the risk for an EOS event is significantly reduced or eliminated. These design specific factors combine to produce a spectrum of risk for the vehicles equipped with ACUs using the DS84 ASIC. Given the many of years of field exposure, it is possible to divide the subject population into two groups; vehicles which have experienced EOS events, and vehicles which have not experienced EOS field events. Four of the six OEMs involved in this investigation have experienced EOS field events on at least one of their models equipped with a DS84 ASIC. All vehicle models (including the Toyota models identified in the Failure Report Summary of the opening resume for this investigation) with field events have been recalled. In an abundance of caution, ODI kept this investigation open five years to monitor field performance and did not identify any field events on vehicles not included in existing safety recalls. Given the spectrum of risk identified in this investigation and that all vehicles with a demonstrated unreasonable risk have been recalled, ODI is closing this investigation. ODI is closing this investigation with the following manufacturer safety recalls: 16V-668, 18E-043, 18V-137, 18V-363, and 20V-024. With the recall actions taken by the subject vehicle and equipment manufacturers, this investigation is closed. The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding by NHTSA that a safety-related defect does not exists on other model or model year vehicles outside of the recall scopes. The agency reserves the right to take further action if warranted by the circumstances.