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2016 Ford Mustang

Owner reports · Recalls · Investigations

More warning signs than most Mustang years

Owner complaints for the 2016 Ford Mustang are substantially higher than the model-year median of 81.

About this comparison →

When problems were reported

Mileage at the reported incident

204 reports with mileage · 171 unknown

NHTSA’s mileage field refers to the reported incident, not necessarily the filing date. This shows report counts, not the likelihood of a failure.

What to inspect

Issues worth paying extra attention to based on owner reports.

  • Engine. Review the 75 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Electrical System. Review the 72 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Back Over Prevention. Review the 52 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →

NHTSA owner reports · September 18, 2026 snapshot.

13 crash reports6 fire reports10 injury reports

Fuel/propulsion System complaints

19 reports
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Mileage unknown · Feb 1, 2026
EngineFuel/propulsion SystemPower Train

At about 75k miles my mustang started misfiring at about 2,500 rpm’s and higher. Turns out it was a blown head gasket. This engine model is prone to what happened to it. Ford should have a recall for these engine and a solution as they’re ticking time bombs. I wish I could drive with the peace of mind of not worrying about it. I…

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At about 75k miles my mustang started misfiring at about 2,500 rpm’s and higher. Turns out it was a blown head gasket. This engine model is prone to what happened to it. Ford should have a recall for these engine and a solution as they’re ticking time bombs. I wish I could drive with the peace of mind of not worrying about it. I couldn’t drive my car for months because of the warranty not even wanting to cover it. The warranty from the used car dealership. Got unlucky.

NHTSA ODI #11714747

Mileage unknown · Dec 24, 2025
Fuel/propulsion System

On 12/06/2025 I filled the vehicle with gasoline. As I was driving home I noticd a strong odor of gasoline. When I arrived home I parked the car in my carport. A short time later I went outside and noticed that I could still smell gasoline and I looked under the car, which was approximately 3 feet from my house and saw a pud…

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On 12/06/2025 I filled the vehicle with gasoline. As I was driving home I noticd a strong odor of gasoline. When I arrived home I parked the car in my carport. A short time later I went outside and noticed that I could still smell gasoline and I looked under the car, which was approximately 3 feet from my house and saw a puddle under it. This could have caused a fire, so I immediately took the car to a repair shop. Approximately one hour later I received a call from the shop informing me that the tank was broken at the top and it would cost approximately $2,600 to replace the tank. The problem was confirmed by Gemba Automotive, Surprise, AZ. I am unaware of whether they have the part available for inspection. There were no warning messages or lights displayed on the driver information system.

NHTSA ODI #11706935

Mileage unknown · Mar 5, 2025
Fuel/propulsion System

The vehicle is leaking fuel profusely right next to the passenger side exhaust pipe. The fuel is coming out of the fuel tank where the plastic is crimped go the fuel vent valve.

NHTSA ODI #11646547

Mileage unknown · Oct 25, 2024
Fuel/propulsion System

Vehicle is 2016 garage kept, just under 18,000 miles. Check engine light is on. Code scanner indicates EGR leak. EGR valve replaced, check engine light reset. No code for about 3 weeks. Started getting gas filler warnings and check engine light back on again EGR issue. Getting ready for a road trip took vehicle to Ford to …

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Vehicle is 2016 garage kept, just under 18,000 miles. Check engine light is on. Code scanner indicates EGR leak. EGR valve replaced, check engine light reset. No code for about 3 weeks. Started getting gas filler warnings and check engine light back on again EGR issue. Getting ready for a road trip took vehicle to Ford to troubleshoot check engine light. Identified problem as a cracked fuel tank near where the filler connects. I researched what I can on-line and others have this same issue. Wondering if this is a defect?

NHTSA ODI #11621964

Mileage unknown · Mar 15, 2024
Fuel/propulsion System

I am looking for support concerning a possible defect with our 2016 Mustang V6. It appears to be a fuel tank defect. Causing our garage to completely smell like gas when the car is full of fuel. Similar to recall# 15v339-7601. Our car has a hairline fracture (according to our dealership service department). They attempted to …

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I am looking for support concerning a possible defect with our 2016 Mustang V6. It appears to be a fuel tank defect. Causing our garage to completely smell like gas when the car is full of fuel. Similar to recall# 15v339-7601. Our car has a hairline fracture (according to our dealership service department). They attempted to repair the issue by replacing the EVAP line, instead found a crack in the EVAP nipple. According to our dealership the emissions warranty expired the week before we reported the issue in 2023. This is upsetting as I feel this is not a maintenance issue and more of a design flaw as Ford changed the design of the fuel tank after 2017. The dealership wants us to pay for this service but this is not our fault they fixed it incorrectly. I feel like this should be a recall or some sort of extended warranty from Ford for a design flaw.

NHTSA ODI #11577614

Mileage unknown · Jul 7, 2023
EngineFuel/propulsion SystemUnknown Or OtherFireInjury

This specific car model is a 2016 Shelby GT350 tech package that I owned for at least 7 months. In this time period i had only put 7k mikes on it before it blew up. After doing tons of research there is a tons of class action law suits against Ford for these cars. The incident that occurred was while driving the vehicle caught f…

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This specific car model is a 2016 Shelby GT350 tech package that I owned for at least 7 months. In this time period i had only put 7k mikes on it before it blew up. After doing tons of research there is a tons of class action law suits against Ford for these cars. The incident that occurred was while driving the vehicle caught fire on the passenger side. Driving at the speed limit of 40 MPH no warning lights, Check engine lights or anything it just blew up. Up to this point all maitence was done properly and after doing some research it had the same issue report by multiple other Shelby owners of this year. This vehicle is not safe for the roads and if not properly investigated, it can cause someone to lose their life. I incurred a bruised head, burns and loss of hair from this accident. I’ve contacted Ford in regards to this issue and yet to have anything done. This vehicle should not be sold to the public with these known issues. There was recall sent out to fix this issue but my specific vin number was never contacted to fix it.

NHTSA ODI #11530824

Mileage unknown · Jun 17, 2023
Fuel/propulsion SystemPower Train

The new purge valve is faulty in my car. It has been replaced once in 2017, and another time in 2022 (possibly 2021), due to a total engine rebuild under powertrain warranty. This valve is a known common issue on online forums. For the model cars 2018 and 2019, this is an open recall. I strongly believe this should be investiga…

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The new purge valve is faulty in my car. It has been replaced once in 2017, and another time in 2022 (possibly 2021), due to a total engine rebuild under powertrain warranty. This valve is a known common issue on online forums. For the model cars 2018 and 2019, this is an open recall. I strongly believe this should be investigated. In the past, this faulty valve caused my car to stall and die on a busy road. Both Ford customer service and the dealer have given me conflicting information whether or not this part is covered under emissions warranty, causing a headache. The dealer stated that if given a sequence of codes, the dealer has been instructed by Ford to replace the part for free. This indicates that Ford is aware of the common hazard that the faulty purge valve is causing. Considering this part is less than 2 years old, it should at least be covered by the 2 year emissions warranty. However, I believe others, like me, have suffered the nuisance and safety risk of this faulty part, and have paid unnecessary expenses due to Ford's negligence to address this known issue.

NHTSA ODI #11527518

Mileage unknown · Feb 21, 2023
Fuel/propulsion System

Noticed a fuel vapor odor for a couple of weeks. After filling the fuel tank the odor intensified. Drove the vehicle about 20 miles to my house. I could smell fuel when I exited the vehicle and noticed fuel leaking from the fuel tank. Took vehicle to the dealership, and when the tank was removed found the fitting for the ev…

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Noticed a fuel vapor odor for a couple of weeks. After filling the fuel tank the odor intensified. Drove the vehicle about 20 miles to my house. I could smell fuel when I exited the vehicle and noticed fuel leaking from the fuel tank. Took vehicle to the dealership, and when the tank was removed found the fitting for the evaporative system connection cracked. (See photos) There is no apparent impact that would have caused the crack.

NHTSA ODI #11508296

Mileage unknown · Oct 29, 2021
Fuel/propulsion System

I have had my 2016 mustang for 5 years already with 29k miles , my warrantee has expired. I recently notice I had check engine light for P0456 Evaporative Emission Leak. I took the car to get smoke test by my local shop mechanic and it came that there fuel vapor coming out of capless filler neck,since every ford model after 201…

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I have had my 2016 mustang for 5 years already with 29k miles , my warrantee has expired. I recently notice I had check engine light for P0456 Evaporative Emission Leak. I took the car to get smoke test by my local shop mechanic and it came that there fuel vapor coming out of capless filler neck,since every ford model after 2013 don't have gas cap nomore I would have to replace the whole gas filler pipe which is around $500 for part and labor. In other cars you can just change gas cap for 20$ buh since in my case my car doesn't have gas cap i would have to replace the whole gas pipe filler and ford doesnt offer any gas cap for my car. I feel like if i do change my gas filler pipe , mabey couple years from now it's gona start giving same check engine problem. I also feel safety concern i do live in Arizona where gets really hot and with fuel vapor coming out capless filler it might cost a fire. I have 3year daughter that likes to ride in my mustang but i don't let her intill this gets fix i don't want her smelling gas . Im hoping with this recall ford can fix the issue and work on better design and or make a gas cap to fix evap leak without having to spend hundreds of dollards.thank you

NHTSA ODI #11438585

42,000 miles · Sep 28, 2020
Fuel/propulsion SystemSuspension

2016 FORD MUSTANG V6 CONVERTIBLE WITH 75,000 MILES. I WENT INTO THE GAS STATION FOR 3 MINUTES, CAME OUT AND CAR WOULD CRANK BUT NOT TURN OVER. CAR NEEDED TO BE TOWED TO AUTO MECHANIC. TURNS OUT THE FUEL PUMP WAS GARBAGE. THE CAR IS ONLY 4 YEARS OLD. RIDICULOUS. ALSO, AROUND 40,000 MILES, IT STARTED TO SOUND LIKE I WAS DRIVING A …

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2016 FORD MUSTANG V6 CONVERTIBLE WITH 75,000 MILES. I WENT INTO THE GAS STATION FOR 3 MINUTES, CAME OUT AND CAR WOULD CRANK BUT NOT TURN OVER. CAR NEEDED TO BE TOWED TO AUTO MECHANIC. TURNS OUT THE FUEL PUMP WAS GARBAGE. THE CAR IS ONLY 4 YEARS OLD. RIDICULOUS. ALSO, AROUND 40,000 MILES, IT STARTED TO SOUND LIKE I WAS DRIVING A COVERED WAGON, AS EVERY BUMP IN THE ROAD MADE THE CAR SOUND AS IF IT WAS GOING TO FALL APART. THE MECHANIC TELLS ME 3 OF THE 4 CONTROL ARMS (SUSPENSION) ARE COMPLETELY SHOT. AGAIN, RIDICULOUS. JUNK CAR. I'VE HAD DOZENS OF CARS AND MANY WITH WELL OVER 120,000 MILES AND NEVER ONCE HAVE I DEALT WITH A FUEL PUMP NOR CONTROL ARMS. AGAIN, THE CAR IS ONLY 4 YEARS OLD. ALL PARTS FOR THESE 2 FIXES HAVE BEEN ON BACK ORDER FOR A MONTH. I MUST NOT BE THE ONLY ONE DEALING WITH THESE 2 ISSUES. THIS NEEDS TO BE A RECALL!

NHTSA ODI #11361599

Official recalls

5

25V614000 · Seat Belts:pretensioner

Sep 12, 2025

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2017 Mustang vehicles. Water and road salt may corrode the front seat belt anchor pretensioner cables.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: A corroded cable can break, preventing the seat belt from properly restraining an occupant, and increasing the risk of injury during a crash.

Remedy: Dealers will inspect and replace both front seat belt anchor pretensioner assemblies, as necessary. In addition, dealers will remove sections of the carpet and underlayment that contact the cables. Dealers will also inspect the A-pillar sealing patches, and as necessary, install A-pillar body plugs, and/or inspect and replace the front outboard seat bolts. Repairs will be performed free of charge. Interim letters, notifying owners of the safety risk, were mailed October 20, 2025. Additional letters will be sent once the final remedy is available, anticipated December 2026. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 25S92. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall became searchable on NHTSA.gov September 17, 2025.

25V572000 · Back Over Prevention: Sensing System: Camera

Sep 3, 2025

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2019 Lincoln MKC, Mustang, F-350 SD, F-250 SD, F-450 SD, 2015-2017 Lincoln Navigator, Expedition, 2015-2018 Edge, Transit Connect, 2016-2019 F-550 SD, Transit, 2017-2019 Econoline, and 2019 Ranger vehicles. The rearview camera may display a distorted, inverted, or blank image when the vehicle is in reverse.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: A rearview camera that displays an inverted, distorted, or blank image can reduce the driver’s view behind the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: Dealers will inspect and replace the rearview camera as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed January 13, 2026. Ford owners will receive letters in phases, beginning January 2026 and June 2026. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 25S89. This recall expands previous NHTSA recall number 25V270. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall will be searchable on NHTSA.gov beginning September 8, 2025.

22V082000 · Back Over Prevention: Sensing System: Camera

Feb 16, 2022

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2017 Mustang vehicles. The rearview camera wiring may be loose or damaged, which can result in a blank or distorted image.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: A rearview camera that displays a blank or distorted image can reduce the driver's rear view, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: Dealers will inspect and repair the decklid wiring harness and/or replace the rearview camera, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 23, 2022 and June 26, 2023. Remedy parts are expected to become available in the 4th Quarter of 2022. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 22S06.

16V779000 · Engine And Engine Cooling:cooling System:hoses/lines/piping/fittings

Oct 26, 2016

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain model year 2015-2017 Mustang vehicles manufactured February 24, 2015, to August 30, 2016. A hose may separate from the engine oil cooler tube assembly causing an oil leak.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: A sudden loss of engine oil may cause engine failure, increasing the risk of a crash. Additionally, an oil leak, in the presence of an ignition source, increases the risk of a fire.

Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and dealers will replace the engine oil cooler tube assembly, free of charge. The recall began on March 23, 2017. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 16S40.

15V707000 · Child Seat:tether: Connector/clip; Seat Belts

Oct 26, 2015

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain model year 2016 Ford Mustang vehicles manufactured September 26, 2015, to October 1, 2015. The front and rear seat belts and child seat tether anchors may have been damaged in shipping from the supplier to the vehicle assembly plant and may not adequately restrain the occupant in a crash. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard numbers 208, "Occupant Crash Protection," and 225, "Child restraint anchorage systems."

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the restraint components do not function as intended, the occupants may not be properly restrained in the event of a crash, increasing their risk of injury.

Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and dealers will replace the front and rear seat belt assemblies and the child seat tether anchors, free of charge. The recall began on December 18, 2015. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 15C13.

Additional source detail variants (2)

Child Seat:tether: Connector/clip

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain model year 2016 Ford Mustang vehicles manufactured September 26, 2015, to October 1, 2015. The front and rear seat belts and child seat tether anchors may have been damaged in shipping from the supplier to the vehicle assembly plant and may not adequately restrain the occupant in a crash. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard numbers 208, "Occupant Crash Protection," and 225, "Child restraint anchorage systems."

Consequence: If the restraint components do not function as intended, the occupants may not be properly restrained in the event of a crash, increasing their risk of injury.

Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and dealers will replace the front and rear seat belt assemblies and the child seat tether anchors, free of charge. The recall began on December 18, 2015. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 15C13.

Seat Belts

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain model year 2016 Ford Mustang vehicles manufactured September 26, 2015, to October 1, 2015. The front and rear seat belts and child seat tether anchors may have been damaged in shipping from the supplier to the vehicle assembly plant and may not adequately restrain the occupant in a crash. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard numbers 208, "Occupant Crash Protection," and 225, "Child restraint anchorage systems."

Consequence: If the restraint components do not function as intended, the occupants may not be properly restrained in the event of a crash, increasing their risk of injury.

Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and dealers will replace the front and rear seat belt assemblies and the child seat tether anchors, free of charge. The recall began on December 18, 2015. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 15C13.

Model-level recall history does not show whether a particular VIN is affected or has received a repair. Check a VIN with NHTSA ↗

NHTSA investigations

1

EA21002 · Desiccated Air Bag Inflator Rupture

Opened Sep 17, 2021 · No close date supplied

Status: open (inferred from source dates) · Air Bags:frontal:driver Side:inflator Module; Air Bags:frontal:passenger Side:inflator Module

From 2000 through 2017, Takata produced millions of air bag inflators using two types of phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate ("PSAN") propellant -- propellant 2004 and propellant 2004L. After prolonged exposure to high temperature cycles and humidity, inflators using propellant 2004 can degrade, causing the propellant to burn too quickly when ignited. The rapid burning can cause the inflator to rupture during deployment, potentially causing serious or even fatal injury to vehicle occupants. See 2016 Blomquist Report at www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/expert_report-hrblomquist.pdf.Consequently, all frontal inflators using propellant 2004 that do not contain a "desiccant" (a substance that traps and holds moisture) in US vehicles are under recall. These "non-desiccated" inflators either have been or are required to be replaced.In some cases, the remedy part for these recalled inflators was, or will be, an inflator using either propellant 2004 or 2004L that does contain a desiccant. None of these "desiccated" remedy parts (which were installed in older model year vehicles) are currently under recall for a degradation concern. Certain subsets of desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004 for use as original equipment, however, have been recalled for a degradation concern. All Takata inflators produced with propellant 2004L contain desiccant, and none of these desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L are under recall for a degradation concern. There have been no reported field ruptures in any non-recalled desiccated PSAN inflators.It is understood that desiccants fully saturate at some threshold, at which point any additional moisture will not be captured. This means the degradation process observed in non-desiccated inflators using propellant 2004 may also occur in non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004, assuming additional moisture enters the inflator and high temperature cycling occurs. Based on available information, desiccant saturation can occur within the first five years in the worst environments, and the time required for full saturation is affected by multiple factors. While no present safety risk has been identified, further work is needed to evaluate the future risk of non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004.Three entities -- Takata (now known as TK Global), the Independent Testing Coalition, and Exponent -- have been studying the long-term behavior of Takata desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004L (as well as 2004) in the presence of moisture and temperature cycling. The research efforts, which include development of predictive modeling techniques and field sample analysis, are ongoing. To date, none of the researchers have identified field evidence showing that propellant 2004L is undergoing a degradation process that leads to aggressive deployment and potential rupture. However, the time in service of such inflators remains short compared to that of the inflators using propellant 2004. Further study is needed to assess the long-term safety of desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L.The Office of Defects Investigation is opening this investigation to examine whether a safety defect related to propellant degradation exists in non-recalled desiccated PSAN frontal inflators manufactured by Takata. This investigation will require extensive information on Takata production processes and surveys of inflators in the field. Lists of recall actions that may have used desiccated PSAN inflators as remedy parts, as well as the makes and models originally manufactured with them, is available with the downloadable version of this document (see nhtsa.gov/recalls?nhtsaId=EA21002 -- note this information is subject to change/revision as the investigation proceeds). This investigation does not supersede EA15-001, which remains open.

Additional source detail variants (2)

Air Bags:frontal:driver Side:inflator Module

From 2000 through 2017, Takata produced millions of air bag inflators using two types of phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate ("PSAN") propellant -- propellant 2004 and propellant 2004L. After prolonged exposure to high temperature cycles and humidity, inflators using propellant 2004 can degrade, causing the propellant to burn too quickly when ignited. The rapid burning can cause the inflator to rupture during deployment, potentially causing serious or even fatal injury to vehicle occupants. See 2016 Blomquist Report at www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/expert_report-hrblomquist.pdf.Consequently, all frontal inflators using propellant 2004 that do not contain a "desiccant" (a substance that traps and holds moisture) in US vehicles are under recall. These "non-desiccated" inflators either have been or are required to be replaced.In some cases, the remedy part for these recalled inflators was, or will be, an inflator using either propellant 2004 or 2004L that does contain a desiccant. None of these "desiccated" remedy parts (which were installed in older model year vehicles) are currently under recall for a degradation concern. Certain subsets of desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004 for use as original equipment, however, have been recalled for a degradation concern. All Takata inflators produced with propellant 2004L contain desiccant, and none of these desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L are under recall for a degradation concern. There have been no reported field ruptures in any non-recalled desiccated PSAN inflators.It is understood that desiccants fully saturate at some threshold, at which point any additional moisture will not be captured. This means the degradation process observed in non-desiccated inflators using propellant 2004 may also occur in non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004, assuming additional moisture enters the inflator and high temperature cycling occurs. Based on available information, desiccant saturation can occur within the first five years in the worst environments, and the time required for full saturation is affected by multiple factors. While no present safety risk has been identified, further work is needed to evaluate the future risk of non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004.Three entities -- Takata (now known as TK Global), the Independent Testing Coalition, and Exponent -- have been studying the long-term behavior of Takata desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004L (as well as 2004) in the presence of moisture and temperature cycling. The research efforts, which include development of predictive modeling techniques and field sample analysis, are ongoing. To date, none of the researchers have identified field evidence showing that propellant 2004L is undergoing a degradation process that leads to aggressive deployment and potential rupture. However, the time in service of such inflators remains short compared to that of the inflators using propellant 2004. Further study is needed to assess the long-term safety of desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L.The Office of Defects Investigation is opening this investigation to examine whether a safety defect related to propellant degradation exists in non-recalled desiccated PSAN frontal inflators manufactured by Takata. This investigation will require extensive information on Takata production processes and surveys of inflators in the field. Lists of recall actions that may have used desiccated PSAN inflators as remedy parts, as well as the makes and models originally manufactured with them, is available with the downloadable version of this document (see nhtsa.gov/recalls?nhtsaId=EA21002 -- note this information is subject to change/revision as the investigation proceeds). This investigation does not supersede EA15-001, which remains open.

Air Bags:frontal:passenger Side:inflator Module

From 2000 through 2017, Takata produced millions of air bag inflators using two types of phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate ("PSAN") propellant -- propellant 2004 and propellant 2004L. After prolonged exposure to high temperature cycles and humidity, inflators using propellant 2004 can degrade, causing the propellant to burn too quickly when ignited. The rapid burning can cause the inflator to rupture during deployment, potentially causing serious or even fatal injury to vehicle occupants. See 2016 Blomquist Report at www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/expert_report-hrblomquist.pdf.Consequently, all frontal inflators using propellant 2004 that do not contain a "desiccant" (a substance that traps and holds moisture) in US vehicles are under recall. These "non-desiccated" inflators either have been or are required to be replaced.In some cases, the remedy part for these recalled inflators was, or will be, an inflator using either propellant 2004 or 2004L that does contain a desiccant. None of these "desiccated" remedy parts (which were installed in older model year vehicles) are currently under recall for a degradation concern. Certain subsets of desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004 for use as original equipment, however, have been recalled for a degradation concern. All Takata inflators produced with propellant 2004L contain desiccant, and none of these desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L are under recall for a degradation concern. There have been no reported field ruptures in any non-recalled desiccated PSAN inflators.It is understood that desiccants fully saturate at some threshold, at which point any additional moisture will not be captured. This means the degradation process observed in non-desiccated inflators using propellant 2004 may also occur in non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004, assuming additional moisture enters the inflator and high temperature cycling occurs. Based on available information, desiccant saturation can occur within the first five years in the worst environments, and the time required for full saturation is affected by multiple factors. While no present safety risk has been identified, further work is needed to evaluate the future risk of non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004.Three entities -- Takata (now known as TK Global), the Independent Testing Coalition, and Exponent -- have been studying the long-term behavior of Takata desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004L (as well as 2004) in the presence of moisture and temperature cycling. The research efforts, which include development of predictive modeling techniques and field sample analysis, are ongoing. To date, none of the researchers have identified field evidence showing that propellant 2004L is undergoing a degradation process that leads to aggressive deployment and potential rupture. However, the time in service of such inflators remains short compared to that of the inflators using propellant 2004. Further study is needed to assess the long-term safety of desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L.The Office of Defects Investigation is opening this investigation to examine whether a safety defect related to propellant degradation exists in non-recalled desiccated PSAN frontal inflators manufactured by Takata. This investigation will require extensive information on Takata production processes and surveys of inflators in the field. Lists of recall actions that may have used desiccated PSAN inflators as remedy parts, as well as the makes and models originally manufactured with them, is available with the downloadable version of this document (see nhtsa.gov/recalls?nhtsaId=EA21002 -- note this information is subject to change/revision as the investigation proceeds). This investigation does not supersede EA15-001, which remains open.