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2016 Ford Mustang

Owner reports · Recalls · Investigations

More warning signs than most Mustang years

Owner complaints for the 2016 Ford Mustang are substantially higher than the model-year median of 81.

About this comparison →

When problems were reported

Mileage at the reported incident

204 reports with mileage · 171 unknown

NHTSA’s mileage field refers to the reported incident, not necessarily the filing date. This shows report counts, not the likelihood of a failure.

What to inspect

Issues worth paying extra attention to based on owner reports.

  • Engine. Review the 75 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Electrical System. Review the 72 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Back Over Prevention. Review the 52 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →

NHTSA owner reports · September 18, 2026 snapshot.

13 crash reports6 fire reports10 injury reports

Engine complaints

75 reports
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Mileage unknown · Oct 10, 2021
Engine

Engine threw a rod and damaged several pistons. Car has only 86,000 miles on it. Routine maintenance was done on schedule. No warning lights or symptoms were present before the incident. This will now require a full engine replacement. The incident happened while driving causing a major loss of power and eventually the inabil…

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Engine threw a rod and damaged several pistons. Car has only 86,000 miles on it. Routine maintenance was done on schedule. No warning lights or symptoms were present before the incident. This will now require a full engine replacement. The incident happened while driving causing a major loss of power and eventually the inability to safely get my vehicle out of traffic. My car is still sitting at my mechanic and is available for inspection. It was only diagnosed and no repairs have been performed. The current COVID situation has made it impossible to even secure a replacement engine. Ford should be held accountable based on the number of related issues reported. I’m now paying on a car I can’t drive or repair l.

NHTSA ODI #11436208

26,600 miles · Dec 8, 2020
Electrical SystemEngineUnknown Or Other

WHILE COMING TO A STOP WITH THE CLUTCH PRESSED IN THE CAR WILL RANDOMLY TURN OFF INTERMITTENTLY. THIS HAS NOW JUST BEGAN HAPPENING, ALTHOUGH IT HAS NOW HAPPENED TO ME TWICE IN 1 MONTHS TIME. I HAVE ALSO BEEN READING ON S550 MUSTANG FORUMS (YEARS 2015 - PRESENT) THAT I AM NOT THE ONLY ONE EXPERIENCING THIS. IT SEEMS LIKE AN ELECT…

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WHILE COMING TO A STOP WITH THE CLUTCH PRESSED IN THE CAR WILL RANDOMLY TURN OFF INTERMITTENTLY. THIS HAS NOW JUST BEGAN HAPPENING, ALTHOUGH IT HAS NOW HAPPENED TO ME TWICE IN 1 MONTHS TIME. I HAVE ALSO BEEN READING ON S550 MUSTANG FORUMS (YEARS 2015 - PRESENT) THAT I AM NOT THE ONLY ONE EXPERIENCING THIS. IT SEEMS LIKE AN ELECTRICAL ISSUE OR SOMETHING AS THERE ARE PEOPLE WITH COMPLETELY STOCK CARS THAT ARE AFFECTED BY THIS, AND ALSO PEOPLE WITH 2018+ NEWER MUSTANGS AS WELL.

NHTSA ODI #11378568

59,000 miles · Dec 6, 2020
EngineFire

AFTER HAVING THE CAR FOR 5 MONTHS (59,000 MI) THE ENGINE BLEW UP WHILE DRIVING 60MPH ON A STATE HIGHWAY AND DROPPED ALL OF ITS OIL. THE ECOBOOST MUSTANGS ARE INCREDIBLY PRONE TO THIS ISSUE AND FORD IS JUST SWEEPING THEM UNDER THE RUG. FORD HAD MY CAR FOR 4 MONTHS WHEN IT WAS MISFIRING (WHICH IS HOW "ECOBOOM" BEGINS) AND REPLAC…

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AFTER HAVING THE CAR FOR 5 MONTHS (59,000 MI) THE ENGINE BLEW UP WHILE DRIVING 60MPH ON A STATE HIGHWAY AND DROPPED ALL OF ITS OIL. THE ECOBOOST MUSTANGS ARE INCREDIBLY PRONE TO THIS ISSUE AND FORD IS JUST SWEEPING THEM UNDER THE RUG. FORD HAD MY CAR FOR 4 MONTHS WHEN IT WAS MISFIRING (WHICH IS HOW "ECOBOOM" BEGINS) AND REPLACED ALMOST EVERYTHING UNDER THE POWERTRAIN WARRANTY MINUS THE ENGINE, TRANSMISSION AND TURBOCHARGER. WHEN I GOT THE CAR BACK IT STARTED TO JUMP TIMING THEN MISFIRE THEN ALL OF A SUDDEN IT STOPPED. THEN THE ENGINE BLEW UP.

NHTSA ODI #11378170

41,000 miles · Aug 26, 2020
Engine

WATER PUMP LEAKED COOLANT REQUIRING REPLACEMENT.

NHTSA ODI #11351447

35,000 miles · Aug 17, 2020
Engine

AT APPROXIMATELY 61,000 MILES, THE ORIGINAL ENGINE STOPPED WORKING. CYLINDER #3 GAVE OUT. POSSIBLY A LSPI CONDITION. THE ENGINE WAS REPLACED UNDER CPO WARRANTY. MY NEW ENGINE HAS NOW GIVEN OUT AT 36,000 MILES. ON THE 1ST ENGINE, I CAME FROM FORD DEALER AFTER COMPLAINING OF CHECK ENGINE LIGHTS COMING ON. OIL WAS CHANGED, CODES…

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AT APPROXIMATELY 61,000 MILES, THE ORIGINAL ENGINE STOPPED WORKING. CYLINDER #3 GAVE OUT. POSSIBLY A LSPI CONDITION. THE ENGINE WAS REPLACED UNDER CPO WARRANTY. MY NEW ENGINE HAS NOW GIVEN OUT AT 36,000 MILES. ON THE 1ST ENGINE, I CAME FROM FORD DEALER AFTER COMPLAINING OF CHECK ENGINE LIGHTS COMING ON. OIL WAS CHANGED, CODES CLEARED. I DROVE APPROXIMATELY 4 CITY BLOCKS, ACCELERATED FROM A STOP LIGHT, AND THE ENGINE STARTED BLOWING WHITE SMOKE AND I PULLED IT OFF THE ROAD. THE ENGINE WAS DETERMINED TO HAVE TO BE FULLY REPLACED, AT 61,000 MILES, A LONG BLOCK, NOT A SHORT BLOCK. ON MY SECOND ENGINE, WHICH HAS APPROXIMATELY 35,000 MILES ON IT, I WAS DRIVING THE CAR AND AN ENGINE LIGHT CAME ON. THE CAR WAS DRIVABLE. AFTER PARKING IT, THE NEXT TIME I STARTED IT UP IT WAS BLOWING WHITE SMOKE AGAIN. I DIAGNOSES AT THE DEALER IS UNDERWAY.

NHTSA ODI #11349903

64,758 miles · Jun 12, 2020
EnginePower TrainUnknown Or Other

TRANSMISSION ISSUES, EVAP SENSOR, LOW FUEL PRESSURE SENSOR. *TR

NHTSA ODI #11328570

78,971 miles · Feb 5, 2020
Engine

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2015 FORD MUSTANG. THE CONTACT STATED DRIVING AT 30 MPH, SEVERAL WARNING LIGHTS ILLUMINATED. THE CONTACT VEERED TO THE SHOULDER OF THE ROAD AS THE VEHICLE STALLED. THERE WAS AN ABNORMAL ODOR COMING FROM THE ENGINE. THE CONTACT UNAWARE IF THERE WAS ANY LEAKS. THE CONTACT TURN THE VEHICLE OFF AND BACK ON WHI…

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2015 FORD MUSTANG. THE CONTACT STATED DRIVING AT 30 MPH, SEVERAL WARNING LIGHTS ILLUMINATED. THE CONTACT VEERED TO THE SHOULDER OF THE ROAD AS THE VEHICLE STALLED. THERE WAS AN ABNORMAL ODOR COMING FROM THE ENGINE. THE CONTACT UNAWARE IF THERE WAS ANY LEAKS. THE CONTACT TURN THE VEHICLE OFF AND BACK ON WHICH RESUMED NORMAL VEHICLE OPERATION. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO MONRO AUTO SERVICE AND TIRE CENTER 1769 KUSER RD, HAMILTON TOWNSHIP, NJ 08690, (609) 308-3139 WHERE IT WAS DIAGNOSED THAT THE WATER PUMP, DRIVE BELT FAILED AND NEEDED TO BE REPLACED. THE VEHICLE WAS REPAIRED. THE CONTACT REFERENCED NHTSA CAMPAIGN NUMBER: 16V779000 (ENGINE AND ENGINE COOLING) AS A POSSIBLE SOLUTION TO THE FAILURE. THE MANUFACTURER WAS MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE CONTACT WAS REFERRED TO THE NHTSA HOTLINE TO FILE A COMPLAINT. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS APPROXIMATELY 78,971.

NHTSA ODI #11307283

36,300 miles · Sep 11, 2019
EngineFuel/propulsion System

2016 FORD MUSTANG WITH 2.3L ENGINE WITH AUTOMATIC TRANSMISSION. ENGINE STALLS WHILE COMING TO A STOP AT A STOPLIGHT AND DOES NOT RESTART MAKING THE VEHICLE INOPERABLE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE ROAD.

NHTSA ODI #11254742

20,000 miles · Aug 29, 2019
Electrical SystemEngine

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2016 FORD MUSTANG. WHILE DRIVING, THE VEHICLE LOST ELECTRICAL POWER AND THE ENGINE STALLED. ON ANOTHER OCCASION, THE CONTACT COULD NOT OPEN THE DOOR TO EXIT THE VEHICLE. WHEN THE VEHICLE WAS STARTED, THE CONTACT WAS ABLE TO OPEN THE DOOR AND EXIT THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED TO CARMODY FORD (1111 NY-…

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2016 FORD MUSTANG. WHILE DRIVING, THE VEHICLE LOST ELECTRICAL POWER AND THE ENGINE STALLED. ON ANOTHER OCCASION, THE CONTACT COULD NOT OPEN THE DOOR TO EXIT THE VEHICLE. WHEN THE VEHICLE WAS STARTED, THE CONTACT WAS ABLE TO OPEN THE DOOR AND EXIT THE VEHICLE. THE VEHICLE WAS TOWED TO CARMODY FORD (1111 NY-29, GREENWICH, NY 12834, (518) 692-2246), BUT THE FAILURES COULD NOT BE DUPLICATED. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT DIAGNOSED OR REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURES. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 20,000. THE VIN WAS UNKNOWN. *JB

NHTSA ODI #11252204

30,000 miles · Aug 8, 2019
Engine

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2016 FORD MUSTANG. THE CONTACT STATED THAT WHEN SHE TURNED THE STEERING WHEEL, THE VEHICLE MADE A LOUD, CRACKING SOUND. THE CONTACT TOOK THE VEHICLE TO AN INDEPENDENT MECHANIC WHO INFORMED HER THAT THE EVAPORATOR CORD WAS LEAKING AND THAT THE AIR COMPRESSOR NEEDED REPLACING. THE MECHANIC ALSO INFORMED THE …

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2016 FORD MUSTANG. THE CONTACT STATED THAT WHEN SHE TURNED THE STEERING WHEEL, THE VEHICLE MADE A LOUD, CRACKING SOUND. THE CONTACT TOOK THE VEHICLE TO AN INDEPENDENT MECHANIC WHO INFORMED HER THAT THE EVAPORATOR CORD WAS LEAKING AND THAT THE AIR COMPRESSOR NEEDED REPLACING. THE MECHANIC ALSO INFORMED THE CONTACT THAT THE FAULTY COMPRESSOR WAS RELATED TO THE NOISES SHE HEARD. THE CONTACT SPOKE WITH NALLEY FORD SANDY SPRINGS (7555 ROSWELL RD, ATLANTA, GA 30350 (678) 809-5711) AND WAS REFERRED TO NHTSA TO FILE A SAFETY COMPLAINT. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 30,000.

NHTSA ODI #11242659

Official recalls

5

25V614000 · Seat Belts:pretensioner

Sep 12, 2025

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2017 Mustang vehicles. Water and road salt may corrode the front seat belt anchor pretensioner cables.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: A corroded cable can break, preventing the seat belt from properly restraining an occupant, and increasing the risk of injury during a crash.

Remedy: Dealers will inspect and replace both front seat belt anchor pretensioner assemblies, as necessary. In addition, dealers will remove sections of the carpet and underlayment that contact the cables. Dealers will also inspect the A-pillar sealing patches, and as necessary, install A-pillar body plugs, and/or inspect and replace the front outboard seat bolts. Repairs will be performed free of charge. Interim letters, notifying owners of the safety risk, were mailed October 20, 2025. Additional letters will be sent once the final remedy is available, anticipated December 2026. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 25S92. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall became searchable on NHTSA.gov September 17, 2025.

25V572000 · Back Over Prevention: Sensing System: Camera

Sep 3, 2025

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2019 Lincoln MKC, Mustang, F-350 SD, F-250 SD, F-450 SD, 2015-2017 Lincoln Navigator, Expedition, 2015-2018 Edge, Transit Connect, 2016-2019 F-550 SD, Transit, 2017-2019 Econoline, and 2019 Ranger vehicles. The rearview camera may display a distorted, inverted, or blank image when the vehicle is in reverse.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: A rearview camera that displays an inverted, distorted, or blank image can reduce the driver’s view behind the vehicle, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: Dealers will inspect and replace the rearview camera as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed January 13, 2026. Ford owners will receive letters in phases, beginning January 2026 and June 2026. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 25S89. This recall expands previous NHTSA recall number 25V270. Vehicle Identification Numbers (VINs) involved in this recall will be searchable on NHTSA.gov beginning September 8, 2025.

22V082000 · Back Over Prevention: Sensing System: Camera

Feb 16, 2022

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain 2015-2017 Mustang vehicles. The rearview camera wiring may be loose or damaged, which can result in a blank or distorted image.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: A rearview camera that displays a blank or distorted image can reduce the driver's rear view, increasing the risk of a crash.

Remedy: Dealers will inspect and repair the decklid wiring harness and/or replace the rearview camera, as necessary, free of charge. Owner notification letters were mailed December 23, 2022 and June 26, 2023. Remedy parts are expected to become available in the 4th Quarter of 2022. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 22S06.

16V779000 · Engine And Engine Cooling:cooling System:hoses/lines/piping/fittings

Oct 26, 2016

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain model year 2015-2017 Mustang vehicles manufactured February 24, 2015, to August 30, 2016. A hose may separate from the engine oil cooler tube assembly causing an oil leak.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: A sudden loss of engine oil may cause engine failure, increasing the risk of a crash. Additionally, an oil leak, in the presence of an ignition source, increases the risk of a fire.

Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and dealers will replace the engine oil cooler tube assembly, free of charge. The recall began on March 23, 2017. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 16S40.

15V707000 · Child Seat:tether: Connector/clip; Seat Belts

Oct 26, 2015

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain model year 2016 Ford Mustang vehicles manufactured September 26, 2015, to October 1, 2015. The front and rear seat belts and child seat tether anchors may have been damaged in shipping from the supplier to the vehicle assembly plant and may not adequately restrain the occupant in a crash. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard numbers 208, "Occupant Crash Protection," and 225, "Child restraint anchorage systems."

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the restraint components do not function as intended, the occupants may not be properly restrained in the event of a crash, increasing their risk of injury.

Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and dealers will replace the front and rear seat belt assemblies and the child seat tether anchors, free of charge. The recall began on December 18, 2015. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 15C13.

Additional source detail variants (2)

Child Seat:tether: Connector/clip

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain model year 2016 Ford Mustang vehicles manufactured September 26, 2015, to October 1, 2015. The front and rear seat belts and child seat tether anchors may have been damaged in shipping from the supplier to the vehicle assembly plant and may not adequately restrain the occupant in a crash. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard numbers 208, "Occupant Crash Protection," and 225, "Child restraint anchorage systems."

Consequence: If the restraint components do not function as intended, the occupants may not be properly restrained in the event of a crash, increasing their risk of injury.

Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and dealers will replace the front and rear seat belt assemblies and the child seat tether anchors, free of charge. The recall began on December 18, 2015. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 15C13.

Seat Belts

Ford Motor Company (Ford) is recalling certain model year 2016 Ford Mustang vehicles manufactured September 26, 2015, to October 1, 2015. The front and rear seat belts and child seat tether anchors may have been damaged in shipping from the supplier to the vehicle assembly plant and may not adequately restrain the occupant in a crash. As such, these vehicles fail to comply with the requirements of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard numbers 208, "Occupant Crash Protection," and 225, "Child restraint anchorage systems."

Consequence: If the restraint components do not function as intended, the occupants may not be properly restrained in the event of a crash, increasing their risk of injury.

Remedy: Ford will notify owners, and dealers will replace the front and rear seat belt assemblies and the child seat tether anchors, free of charge. The recall began on December 18, 2015. Owners may contact Ford customer service at 1-866-436-7332. Ford's number for this recall is 15C13.

Model-level recall history does not show whether a particular VIN is affected or has received a repair. Check a VIN with NHTSA ↗

NHTSA investigations

1

EA21002 · Desiccated Air Bag Inflator Rupture

Opened Sep 17, 2021 · No close date supplied

Status: open (inferred from source dates) · Air Bags:frontal:driver Side:inflator Module; Air Bags:frontal:passenger Side:inflator Module

From 2000 through 2017, Takata produced millions of air bag inflators using two types of phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate ("PSAN") propellant -- propellant 2004 and propellant 2004L. After prolonged exposure to high temperature cycles and humidity, inflators using propellant 2004 can degrade, causing the propellant to burn too quickly when ignited. The rapid burning can cause the inflator to rupture during deployment, potentially causing serious or even fatal injury to vehicle occupants. See 2016 Blomquist Report at www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/expert_report-hrblomquist.pdf.Consequently, all frontal inflators using propellant 2004 that do not contain a "desiccant" (a substance that traps and holds moisture) in US vehicles are under recall. These "non-desiccated" inflators either have been or are required to be replaced.In some cases, the remedy part for these recalled inflators was, or will be, an inflator using either propellant 2004 or 2004L that does contain a desiccant. None of these "desiccated" remedy parts (which were installed in older model year vehicles) are currently under recall for a degradation concern. Certain subsets of desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004 for use as original equipment, however, have been recalled for a degradation concern. All Takata inflators produced with propellant 2004L contain desiccant, and none of these desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L are under recall for a degradation concern. There have been no reported field ruptures in any non-recalled desiccated PSAN inflators.It is understood that desiccants fully saturate at some threshold, at which point any additional moisture will not be captured. This means the degradation process observed in non-desiccated inflators using propellant 2004 may also occur in non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004, assuming additional moisture enters the inflator and high temperature cycling occurs. Based on available information, desiccant saturation can occur within the first five years in the worst environments, and the time required for full saturation is affected by multiple factors. While no present safety risk has been identified, further work is needed to evaluate the future risk of non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004.Three entities -- Takata (now known as TK Global), the Independent Testing Coalition, and Exponent -- have been studying the long-term behavior of Takata desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004L (as well as 2004) in the presence of moisture and temperature cycling. The research efforts, which include development of predictive modeling techniques and field sample analysis, are ongoing. To date, none of the researchers have identified field evidence showing that propellant 2004L is undergoing a degradation process that leads to aggressive deployment and potential rupture. However, the time in service of such inflators remains short compared to that of the inflators using propellant 2004. Further study is needed to assess the long-term safety of desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L.The Office of Defects Investigation is opening this investigation to examine whether a safety defect related to propellant degradation exists in non-recalled desiccated PSAN frontal inflators manufactured by Takata. This investigation will require extensive information on Takata production processes and surveys of inflators in the field. Lists of recall actions that may have used desiccated PSAN inflators as remedy parts, as well as the makes and models originally manufactured with them, is available with the downloadable version of this document (see nhtsa.gov/recalls?nhtsaId=EA21002 -- note this information is subject to change/revision as the investigation proceeds). This investigation does not supersede EA15-001, which remains open.

Additional source detail variants (2)

Air Bags:frontal:driver Side:inflator Module

From 2000 through 2017, Takata produced millions of air bag inflators using two types of phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate ("PSAN") propellant -- propellant 2004 and propellant 2004L. After prolonged exposure to high temperature cycles and humidity, inflators using propellant 2004 can degrade, causing the propellant to burn too quickly when ignited. The rapid burning can cause the inflator to rupture during deployment, potentially causing serious or even fatal injury to vehicle occupants. See 2016 Blomquist Report at www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/expert_report-hrblomquist.pdf.Consequently, all frontal inflators using propellant 2004 that do not contain a "desiccant" (a substance that traps and holds moisture) in US vehicles are under recall. These "non-desiccated" inflators either have been or are required to be replaced.In some cases, the remedy part for these recalled inflators was, or will be, an inflator using either propellant 2004 or 2004L that does contain a desiccant. None of these "desiccated" remedy parts (which were installed in older model year vehicles) are currently under recall for a degradation concern. Certain subsets of desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004 for use as original equipment, however, have been recalled for a degradation concern. All Takata inflators produced with propellant 2004L contain desiccant, and none of these desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L are under recall for a degradation concern. There have been no reported field ruptures in any non-recalled desiccated PSAN inflators.It is understood that desiccants fully saturate at some threshold, at which point any additional moisture will not be captured. This means the degradation process observed in non-desiccated inflators using propellant 2004 may also occur in non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004, assuming additional moisture enters the inflator and high temperature cycling occurs. Based on available information, desiccant saturation can occur within the first five years in the worst environments, and the time required for full saturation is affected by multiple factors. While no present safety risk has been identified, further work is needed to evaluate the future risk of non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004.Three entities -- Takata (now known as TK Global), the Independent Testing Coalition, and Exponent -- have been studying the long-term behavior of Takata desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004L (as well as 2004) in the presence of moisture and temperature cycling. The research efforts, which include development of predictive modeling techniques and field sample analysis, are ongoing. To date, none of the researchers have identified field evidence showing that propellant 2004L is undergoing a degradation process that leads to aggressive deployment and potential rupture. However, the time in service of such inflators remains short compared to that of the inflators using propellant 2004. Further study is needed to assess the long-term safety of desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L.The Office of Defects Investigation is opening this investigation to examine whether a safety defect related to propellant degradation exists in non-recalled desiccated PSAN frontal inflators manufactured by Takata. This investigation will require extensive information on Takata production processes and surveys of inflators in the field. Lists of recall actions that may have used desiccated PSAN inflators as remedy parts, as well as the makes and models originally manufactured with them, is available with the downloadable version of this document (see nhtsa.gov/recalls?nhtsaId=EA21002 -- note this information is subject to change/revision as the investigation proceeds). This investigation does not supersede EA15-001, which remains open.

Air Bags:frontal:passenger Side:inflator Module

From 2000 through 2017, Takata produced millions of air bag inflators using two types of phase-stabilized ammonium nitrate ("PSAN") propellant -- propellant 2004 and propellant 2004L. After prolonged exposure to high temperature cycles and humidity, inflators using propellant 2004 can degrade, causing the propellant to burn too quickly when ignited. The rapid burning can cause the inflator to rupture during deployment, potentially causing serious or even fatal injury to vehicle occupants. See 2016 Blomquist Report at www.nhtsa.gov/sites/nhtsa.gov/files/documents/expert_report-hrblomquist.pdf.Consequently, all frontal inflators using propellant 2004 that do not contain a "desiccant" (a substance that traps and holds moisture) in US vehicles are under recall. These "non-desiccated" inflators either have been or are required to be replaced.In some cases, the remedy part for these recalled inflators was, or will be, an inflator using either propellant 2004 or 2004L that does contain a desiccant. None of these "desiccated" remedy parts (which were installed in older model year vehicles) are currently under recall for a degradation concern. Certain subsets of desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004 for use as original equipment, however, have been recalled for a degradation concern. All Takata inflators produced with propellant 2004L contain desiccant, and none of these desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L are under recall for a degradation concern. There have been no reported field ruptures in any non-recalled desiccated PSAN inflators.It is understood that desiccants fully saturate at some threshold, at which point any additional moisture will not be captured. This means the degradation process observed in non-desiccated inflators using propellant 2004 may also occur in non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004, assuming additional moisture enters the inflator and high temperature cycling occurs. Based on available information, desiccant saturation can occur within the first five years in the worst environments, and the time required for full saturation is affected by multiple factors. While no present safety risk has been identified, further work is needed to evaluate the future risk of non-recalled desiccated inflators using propellant 2004.Three entities -- Takata (now known as TK Global), the Independent Testing Coalition, and Exponent -- have been studying the long-term behavior of Takata desiccated PSAN inflators using propellant 2004L (as well as 2004) in the presence of moisture and temperature cycling. The research efforts, which include development of predictive modeling techniques and field sample analysis, are ongoing. To date, none of the researchers have identified field evidence showing that propellant 2004L is undergoing a degradation process that leads to aggressive deployment and potential rupture. However, the time in service of such inflators remains short compared to that of the inflators using propellant 2004. Further study is needed to assess the long-term safety of desiccated inflators using propellant 2004L.The Office of Defects Investigation is opening this investigation to examine whether a safety defect related to propellant degradation exists in non-recalled desiccated PSAN frontal inflators manufactured by Takata. This investigation will require extensive information on Takata production processes and surveys of inflators in the field. Lists of recall actions that may have used desiccated PSAN inflators as remedy parts, as well as the makes and models originally manufactured with them, is available with the downloadable version of this document (see nhtsa.gov/recalls?nhtsaId=EA21002 -- note this information is subject to change/revision as the investigation proceeds). This investigation does not supersede EA15-001, which remains open.