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2011 Dodge RAM 1500

Owner reports · Recalls · Investigations

Similar to other model years

Owner complaints for the 2011 Dodge RAM 1500 do not stand out strongly from the model-year median of 520.

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When problems were reported

Mileage at the reported incident

491 reports with mileage · 197 unknown

NHTSA’s mileage field refers to the reported incident, not necessarily the filing date. This shows report counts, not the likelihood of a failure.

What to inspect

Issues worth paying extra attention to based on owner reports.

  • Electrical System. Review the 214 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Power Train. Review the 175 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Engine. Review the 151 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →

NHTSA owner reports · September 18, 2026 snapshot.

28 crash reports7 fire reports17 injury reports

Electrical System complaints

214 reports
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39,323 miles · Dec 22, 2015
Electrical System

2011 RAM 1500 TIPM ISSUE. RAM 1500'S ARE NOT PART OF THE KNOWN RECALL FOR DURANGO AND GRAND CHEROKEE'S HOWEVER A QUICK SEARCH REVEALS THE SAME ISSUE THAT PLAGUES MY 2011 RAM 1500. ON TWO SEPARATE OCCASIONS MY VEHICLE QUIT RUNNING ON THE HIGHWAY FOR NO APPARENT REASON. VEHICLE HAD POWER BUT WOULD NOT CRANK. PROBLEM WAS DIAGNO…

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2011 RAM 1500 TIPM ISSUE. RAM 1500'S ARE NOT PART OF THE KNOWN RECALL FOR DURANGO AND GRAND CHEROKEE'S HOWEVER A QUICK SEARCH REVEALS THE SAME ISSUE THAT PLAGUES MY 2011 RAM 1500. ON TWO SEPARATE OCCASIONS MY VEHICLE QUIT RUNNING ON THE HIGHWAY FOR NO APPARENT REASON. VEHICLE HAD POWER BUT WOULD NOT CRANK. PROBLEM WAS DIAGNOSED AS A FAULTY TIPM.

NHTSA ODI #10811770

Mileage unknown · Dec 17, 2015
Electrical SystemFuel/propulsion System

WE HAVE BEEN HAVING INCREASING PROBLEMS WITH DODGE RAM WILL NOT START SOMETIMES CAN TAKE 4 HOURS TO RESTART. IT TURNS OVER BUT FUEL PUMP IS NOT EGAGEING WINDOWS WILL SOMETIMES GO DOWN N THEN SOMETIMES ONLY CREEP UP AND DOWN ITS LIKE TRUCK HAS A MIND OF ITS OWN. HAD IT TO BE FIXED A NUMBER OF TIMES TO BE TOTD ITS FIX WHEN ITS NO…

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WE HAVE BEEN HAVING INCREASING PROBLEMS WITH DODGE RAM WILL NOT START SOMETIMES CAN TAKE 4 HOURS TO RESTART. IT TURNS OVER BUT FUEL PUMP IS NOT EGAGEING WINDOWS WILL SOMETIMES GO DOWN N THEN SOMETIMES ONLY CREEP UP AND DOWN ITS LIKE TRUCK HAS A MIND OF ITS OWN. HAD IT TO BE FIXED A NUMBER OF TIMES TO BE TOTD ITS FIX WHEN ITS NOT ONLY NOT FIXED BUT PROBLEM IS GETTING INCREASINGLY WORSE. MY TRUCK IS A 2011 WITH 39000 MILES ON IT.

NHTSA ODI #10811044

81,000 miles · Dec 11, 2015
Electrical System

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 RAM 1500. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE VEHICLE INTERMITTENTLY WOULD NOT START. WHEN IT WOULD START, THE VEHICLE WOULD TAKE APPROXIMATELY 20-40 MINUTES TO START. THE FAILURE HAPPENED WITHOUT WARNING. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER WHERE IT WAS DIAGNOSED THAT THE FUEL PUMP FAILED. THE VEHICLE WAS RE…

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2011 RAM 1500. THE CONTACT STATED THAT THE VEHICLE INTERMITTENTLY WOULD NOT START. WHEN IT WOULD START, THE VEHICLE WOULD TAKE APPROXIMATELY 20-40 MINUTES TO START. THE FAILURE HAPPENED WITHOUT WARNING. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO THE DEALER WHERE IT WAS DIAGNOSED THAT THE FUEL PUMP FAILED. THE VEHICLE WAS REPAIRED, BUT THE FAILURE RECURRED. THE FAILURE WAS DIAGNOSED AGAIN AS THE TOTALLY INTEGRATED POWER MODULE. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT NOTIFIED OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 81,000.

NHTSA ODI #10809732

106,000 miles · Nov 29, 2015
Electrical System

PICKUP WILL NOT START DUE TO THE IGNITION. I HAVE TO JIGGLE (BACK AND FORTH OR IN/OUT) THE KEY TO GET IT TO TURN OVER BUT WILL ONLY START 1 OUT OF 3 TIMES SEEMS LIKE ENGINE IS NOT GETTING ANY FUEL BUT CAN HEAR THE FUEL PUMP CYCLE ALSO ALERTS WILL RANDOMLY DISPLAY WHEN VEHICLE IS ON. TIRE INFLATION ALERT STAYS ON ALL THE TIME BUT…

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PICKUP WILL NOT START DUE TO THE IGNITION. I HAVE TO JIGGLE (BACK AND FORTH OR IN/OUT) THE KEY TO GET IT TO TURN OVER BUT WILL ONLY START 1 OUT OF 3 TIMES SEEMS LIKE ENGINE IS NOT GETTING ANY FUEL BUT CAN HEAR THE FUEL PUMP CYCLE ALSO ALERTS WILL RANDOMLY DISPLAY WHEN VEHICLE IS ON. TIRE INFLATION ALERT STAYS ON ALL THE TIME BUT ALL TIRES ARE AIRED UP TO SPECS ALSO SEVERAL OTHER ALERTS DISPLAY PART OF THE TIME.

NHTSA ODI #10807338

153,000 miles · Nov 19, 2015
Electrical System

AT FIRST MY TRUCK STARTED TAKING LONGER AND LONGER TO ACTUALLY START. IT WOULD TURN OVER BUT ONLY RUN AT 200 RPM AND DIE OUT. THIS PROBLEM WAS SPORADIC AND SEEMED TO BE WORSE AFTER THE TRUCK HAD NOT BEEN STARTED FOR 12 HOURS. EVENTUALLY THE PROBLEM WENT FROM OCCASIONAL TO WEEKLY AND DAILY. THERE WAS NO DASH LIGHTS INDICATION…

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AT FIRST MY TRUCK STARTED TAKING LONGER AND LONGER TO ACTUALLY START. IT WOULD TURN OVER BUT ONLY RUN AT 200 RPM AND DIE OUT. THIS PROBLEM WAS SPORADIC AND SEEMED TO BE WORSE AFTER THE TRUCK HAD NOT BEEN STARTED FOR 12 HOURS. EVENTUALLY THE PROBLEM WENT FROM OCCASIONAL TO WEEKLY AND DAILY. THERE WAS NO DASH LIGHTS INDICATION AN ISSUE. MY TRUCK STALLED TWICE ON ME WHILE DRIVING TO WORK . EACH TIME THE VEHICLE STALLED I WOULD SIT IN THE STREET, LUCKILY NO ONE WAS BEHIND ME AND THAT I WAS NOT IN A TURN. WHEN THE VEHICLE DIED I WOULD LOSE ALL POWER STEERING. I DROVE DIRECTLY TO A MECHANIC. HE CHECKED IT AND SAW NO MAJOR ISSUES, STATING THAT ALL OF THE READINGS WERE NORMAL WHEN CHECKED. WE DECIDED TO CHANGE MY SPARK PLUGS AND FLUSH THE FUEL SYSTEM IN AN ATTEMPT TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM. DROVE GREAT AFTER THE WORK. THE NEXT MORNING IT DID NOT START, BACK TO MECHANIC AGAIN, WAS TOLD TO LEAVE THE KEY TURNED TO ON POSITION TO HELP THE FUEL PUMP PRIME/ ALL READINGS WERE NORMAL. ISSUE PERSISTED. LEFT TRUCK AT MECHANIC THIRD TIME WHILE OUT OF TOWN FOR THE WEEK SO HE COULD TAKE READINGS AFTER THE TRUCK SAT, SINCE THAT WAS WHEN THE ISSUE HAPPENED. AGAIN THE MECHANIC WAS NOT CONFIDENT OF WHAT WAS CAUSING THE ISSUE SINCE THERE WAS NO CHECK ENGINE LIGHT. THE PROBLEM GOT WORSE, IT WAS TAKING ME OVER 45 MINUTES TO START TRUCK EACH DAY, IT WOULD CRANK BUT NOT START. THEN IM STARTED NOTICING MY BATTERY WAS DEAD ON MANY MORNINGS. I THOUGHT IT WAS DUE TO HOW LONG I WAS CRANKING TO START, UNTIL ONE DAY WHEN I HAPPENED TO WALK BY MY TRUCK AND HEAR A HUMMING SOUND. I WENT UNDERNEATH AND COULD TELL IT WAS THE FUEL PUMP. I UNPLUGGED THE FUSE FOR THE FUEL PUMP AND THE HUMMING STOPPED. FOR NOW I JUST UNPLUG THE FUSE EVERY TIME I STOP TO KEEP THE PUMP FROM DRAWING DOWN MY BATTERY. CONTACTED LOCAL DODGE DEALER AND WAS QUOTED $1200.OO TO REPLACE TIPM.

NHTSA ODI #10794981

75,000 miles · Nov 18, 2015
Electrical System

FOR TWO WEEKS THE TRUCK TAKE 4 TO 7 TRIES TO START THE ENGINE. IT HAS SHUT OFF WHILE DRIVING. NOW THE FUEL PUMP IS STUCK ON WHILE THE KEY IS REMOVED FROM THE TRUCK KILLING THE BATTERY. HAD TO REMOVE THE FUEL PUMP FUSE TO TURN OFF THE FUEL PUMP WHILE THE KEY IS REMOVED FROM THE TRUCK.

NHTSA ODI #10794557

73,000 miles · Nov 10, 2015
Electrical System

IN THE PARKING LOT OF MY APARTMENT COMPLEX MY TRUCK WOULD TRY TO START, BUT DO NOTHING BUT CRANK. I THOUGHT MY FUEL PUMP WAS OUT SO I REPLACED IT. THE TRUCK WAS STILL HAVING PROBLEMS STARTING. I NOTICED THAT SOMETIMES I WOULD HEAR THE FUEL PUMP COME ON AND SOMETIMES NOT SO $260 DOLLARS LATER I STILL HAD THE SAME PROBLEM. AFTER D…

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IN THE PARKING LOT OF MY APARTMENT COMPLEX MY TRUCK WOULD TRY TO START, BUT DO NOTHING BUT CRANK. I THOUGHT MY FUEL PUMP WAS OUT SO I REPLACED IT. THE TRUCK WAS STILL HAVING PROBLEMS STARTING. I NOTICED THAT SOMETIMES I WOULD HEAR THE FUEL PUMP COME ON AND SOMETIMES NOT SO $260 DOLLARS LATER I STILL HAD THE SAME PROBLEM. AFTER DOING SOME ADDITIONAL RESEARCH AND ACTUAL TESTS I FOUND OUT THAT A RELAY ON THE TIPM IS MALFUNCTIONING. IT IS AA $5 DOLLAR RELAY ON A $1200 DOLLAR PART THAT IS NOT COVERED BY WARRENTY AND CANNOT BE EASILY REPLACED. DODGE IS CURRENTLY UNDER SUIT FOR THE FAULTY TIPM'S.

NHTSA ODI #10789716

Mileage unknown · Nov 10, 2015
Electrical SystemEnginePower TrainCrash

IN A NUTSHELL,, MY TRUCK HAD ABOUT,,,14K MIKES ON IT. PURCHASED NEW. IT TOOK OFF IN EXESS OF 100MPH. COULDN'T STOP IT!!!!!!! ALMOST KILLED MY SON AND I!! HAVE BEEN FIGHTING, EVER SINCE TO GET CHRYSLER TO REPLACE THE MOTOR,, AS IT SOUNDS EVERY BEARING IN THE MOTOR,, WHEN I FINALLY PUT TRANSMISSION IN NEAUTRAL TO STOP THE TRUCK. T…

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IN A NUTSHELL,, MY TRUCK HAD ABOUT,,,14K MIKES ON IT. PURCHASED NEW. IT TOOK OFF IN EXESS OF 100MPH. COULDN'T STOP IT!!!!!!! ALMOST KILLED MY SON AND I!! HAVE BEEN FIGHTING, EVER SINCE TO GET CHRYSLER TO REPLACE THE MOTOR,, AS IT SOUNDS EVERY BEARING IN THE MOTOR,, WHEN I FINALLY PUT TRANSMISSION IN NEAUTRAL TO STOP THE TRUCK. TO DATE, THE TRUCK HAS A REARMAIN LEAK, BECAUSE OF INSTEAD OF REPLACING THE MOTOR. CHRYSLER, TRIED TO TAKE THE CHEAPER WAY OUT AND ONLY REPLACE A PART AT A TIME. IN DOING SO THIS,COST THEM WAY MORE $. MOTOR NO LONGER HAS A BEARING NOISE. BUT IT DOES HAVE A REARMAIN LEAK. THAT THEY HAVE TRIED TO REPAIR 3XS SO FAR!! NOW,,,,, I'M STILL WAITING TO SEE IF THEY WILL REPLACE THE MOTOR, OR TRY AGAIN??? LAST I KNEW THE GOSLDEN RULE WAS 3 XS AND URE OUT!!!! MY PATIENCE, IS GONE. THE TRUCK, HAS SPENT MOST OF ITS LIFE IN A DEALERS GARAGE. AND MOST OF ITS 40K MILES ARE FROM THE DEALERS TECH. I HAVE ALL DOCUMENTATION TO PROVE EVERYTHING I SAY. ALL FROM THE DAY IT TOOK OFF ON ME. THE REAL PROBLEM IS..... WHY DID IT TAKE OFF? AND THE ANSWER TO THAT. I FIGURED OUT. WHO WANTS THAT INFO? CAUSE I HAVE FIGURED THAT OUT. IT TOOK 3 YRS. TO FIGURE OUT. IS ALL I WANT IS A NEW VEHICLE, AS I NEVER GOT TO ENJOY THAT. JUST COST ME ALOT OF TIME, AND $.

NHTSA ODI #10789457

53,000 miles · Nov 7, 2015
Electrical SystemFuel/propulsion System

FAILS TO START, FUEL PUMP SHUTS OFF WHILE DRIVING CAUSING TRUCK TO STALL MULTIPLE TIMES ON CITY STREETS TO AND FROM WORK AND ON THE HIGHWAY 2X DRIVING TO VISIT RELATIVES, TIPM NOT SENDING SIGNAL TO THE FUEL RELAY, HAD 4 MECHANICS INCLUDING 2 CHRYSLER SERVICE SHOPS TO FINALLY DIAGNOSE THE TIPM FAILURE, WILL HAVE FURTHER DOCUMENTA…

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FAILS TO START, FUEL PUMP SHUTS OFF WHILE DRIVING CAUSING TRUCK TO STALL MULTIPLE TIMES ON CITY STREETS TO AND FROM WORK AND ON THE HIGHWAY 2X DRIVING TO VISIT RELATIVES, TIPM NOT SENDING SIGNAL TO THE FUEL RELAY, HAD 4 MECHANICS INCLUDING 2 CHRYSLER SERVICE SHOPS TO FINALLY DIAGNOSE THE TIPM FAILURE, WILL HAVE FURTHER DOCUMENTATION UPON REPLACEMENT OF TIPM FROM CHRYSLER DEALER.

NHTSA ODI #10788988

84,400 miles · Nov 1, 2015
Electrical SystemFuel/propulsion System

THE VEHICLE HAS A BAD TIPM, THE FUEL PUMP RELAY DOES NOT WORK AND THE VEHICLE WILL NOT START AT ALL NOW. THE FIRST INCIDENT OCCURED AS I MAKING A LEFT HAND TURN ACROSS ONCOMING TRAFFIC. THE VEHICLE STUTTERED AND STALLED. IMMEDIATELY AFTERWARDS IT WOULD TAKE SEVERAL ATTEMPTS TO START THE VEHICLE. NOW IT WILL NOT START AT ALL.

NHTSA ODI #10787529

Official recalls

4

18V160000 · Fuel System, Gasoline:storage:tank Assembly:mounting

Mar 8, 2018

Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2009-2012 Dodge Ram 1500 trucks currently, or ever registered, in Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin and the District of Columbia. Exposure to environmental conditions such as water mixed with road salt may cause the front fuel tank strap frame "T-Slot" bracket to corrode, possibly causing the fuel tank to drop and make contact with the ground.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the fuel tank were to drop and contact the ground, a fuel leak may result. Additionally, in the event of a crash, the fuel tank may not remain secured to the vehicle, possibly causing a fuel leak. A fuel leak in the presence in an ignition source, can increase the risk of a fire.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners and dealers will bolt a bracket reinforcement to the frame, free of charge. The recall began May 2, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is U04.

17V821000 · Power Train:automatic Transmission:lever And Linkage:column Shift

Dec 20, 2017

Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2016-2017 Ram 3500 Cab Chassis with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of less than 10,000 lbs, 2011-2017 Ram 3500, 4500 and 5500 Cab Chassis vehicles, 2009-2017 Ram 1500 and 2010-2017 Ram 2500 and 3500 pickup trucks, all equipped with a column shifter. Pushing the brake pedal for prolonged periods when the vehicle is running and in PARK may cause the Brake Transmission Shift Interlock (BTSI) pin to stick in the open position. With the pin in the open position, the transmission can be shifted out of PARK into any gear without pushing the brake pedal or having the key in the ignition.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: Being able to shift the transmission without pushing the brake pedal and/or without a key in the ignition can increase the risk of an unintended vehicle rollaway that may result in personal injury or a crash.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will update the vehicle software, inspect the BTSI, and, as necessary, replace it, free of charge. The recall began February 26, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is T79.

13V038000 · Power Train:driveline:differential Unit

Feb 6, 2013

Chrysler is recalling certain model year 2009-2012 Ram 1500 trucks manufactured from February 27, 2008, through June 30, 2009, and from December 1, 2009, through October 20, 2011; model year 2009-2011 Dodge Dakota trucks manufactured from February 27, 2007, through June 30, 2009, and from December 1, 2009, through September 30, 2011; model year 2009 Chrysler Aspen trucks manufactured from January 3, 2008, through December 18, 2008; and model year 2009 Dodge Durango trucks manufactured from January 3, 2008, through December 18, 2008. The rear axle pinion nut may loosen due to an undersized pinion spline that can allow relative motion between the nut and companion flange.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the rear axle pinion nut loosens, the axle can lock up and cause a loss of vehicle control and/or a vehicle crash with little warning.

Remedy: On November 7, 2013 Chrysler notified owners that dealers would install a pinion nut retainer, free of charge. In July 2015, and under a consent order with NHTSA, the company agreed to offer owners three options for remedying their vehicles: perform the original remedy, offer to repurchase the vehicle at the fair market value plus 10%, or offer an additional incentive offer towards the purchase of a new Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler, or Fiat vehicle. Chrysler will notify owners of the new recall options in a letter expected to be mailed on August 31, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler at 1-800-247-9753. Chrysler's recall campaign number is N08.

10V656000 · Suspension:rear:axle:spindle

Dec 24, 2010

CHRYSLER IS RECALLING CERTAIN MODEL YEAR 2011 RAM 1500 TRUCKS MANUFACTURED FROM SEPTEMBER 2009 THROUGH DECEMBER 2010. SOME VEHICLES MAY HAVE EXPERIENCE A NOISE (GROWL, GRIND) COMING FROM THE REAR AXLE BEARING WHICH COULD EVENTUALLY SEIZE.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: A FAILURE OF THE BEARING COULD CAUSE THE VEHICLE TO STALL INCREASING THE RISK OF A CRASH.

Remedy: CHRYSLER WILL NOTIFY OWNERS AND WILL INSTALL AN OIL PORT INSERT INTO THE REAR AXLE FREE OF CHARGE. THE SAFETY RECALL BEGAN ON APRIL 4, 2011. OWNERS MAY CONTACT CHRYSLER AT 1-800-853-1403.

Model-level recall history does not show whether a particular VIN is affected or has received a repair. Check a VIN with NHTSA ↗

NHTSA investigations

1

EA19001 · Electrical Overstress

Opened Apr 19, 2019 · Closed Sep 19, 2024

Status: closed (inferred from source dates) · Air Bags: Air Bag/restraint Control Module

The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened this investigation to determine if the failure of airbags to deploy during severe crashes, in certain vehicles, was the result of a safety related defect.  During the investigation a complex failure was studied that can result in non-deployment of subject vehicle air bags and other restraint system devices in severe crash events. The subject vehicles may be equipped with an airbag control unit (ACU) for the supplemental restraint system (SRS) Electronic Control Unit (ECU) manufactured by ZF-TRW.  The ECU receives signals from crash sensors mounted in the vehicle and deploys the vehicle air bags and seat belt pretensioners in accordance with manufacturer design specifications.  The ECU in the subject vehicles contains a model DS84 application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which controls the communication of the crash sensor signal, firing commands (i.e., when to deploy the airbag(s) and/or pretensioners), and fault information (e.g., diagnostic trouble codes). In September 2016, FCA announced recall 16V-668 for certain model year (MY) 2010 to 2014 Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep products manufactured with the subject ZF-TRW ACU.  In this recall, FCA discussed an EOS condition that resulted in a failure of the subject DS84 ASIC, which caused air bag non-deployment.  FCA noted that the defect condition had only been observed in vehicles equipped with sensor harnessing routed across the front of the vehicle.  Other FCA vehicles that also used the subject ACU, but were not equipped with cross-car harnessing, had not experienced EOS failures, despite similar time in service. During the course of this investigation, ODI sent two separate Information Request (IR) letters to six vehicle manufactures (including FCA, Hyundai, Honda, Kia, Mitsubishi, and Toyota) and one IR letter to ZF-TRW.  These IR letters resulted in ODI receiving comprehensive data from these manufacturers and suppliers. Studies of this data found that the DS84 ASIC does not have sufficient protection against negative electrical transients or electrical overstress (“EOS”) that can be generated in certain severe crashes.  An electrical transient occurs when the electrical power supplied to a circuit changes momentarily over a short duration of time.   In these severe crash cases, the crash sensors and other powered wiring can be damaged and short circuited so as to create a negative electrical transient of sufficient intensity and duration (that are outside the vehicle manufacturer's specification) to damage the ASIC before the restraint device deployment signal is received by the SRS ECU.  This damaged signal can lead to incomplete or nondeployment of the air bags and/or pretensioners.  Airbag non-deployment and/or lack of pretensioner operation can increase the risk or severity of injury in a crash.A total of 8 fatalities and 14 injuries were associated with known EOS events. The common element in all investigated manufacturers vehicles is the SRS ECU containing a DS84 ASIC manufactured by ZF-TRW.  The risk associated with the ASIC is equally shared among all OEMS involved in the investigation.  The actual real-world risk can be mitigated by other factors which were assessed by ODI during this investigation. The first mitigating factor involves protections built into the ACU design which protect the DS84 ASIC from damage.  There are multiple strategies and levels of protection employed by different OEMs that provide effective EOS mitigation.  The two most common strategies at the ACU level are circuit protection diodes on the remote senor signal lines, and current limiting resistors that protect critical components. The second mitigating factor is found at the vehicle level and involves the location and routing of the wires leading from the crash sensors to the SRS ECU.  If the wires are well protected in a crash and are not routed with other power wires carrying large currents, the risk for an EOS event is significantly reduced or eliminated. These design specific factors combine to produce a spectrum of risk for the vehicles equipped with ACUs using the DS84 ASIC.  Given the many of years of field exposure, it is possible to divide the subject population into two groups; vehicles which have experienced EOS events, and vehicles which have not experienced EOS field events. Four of the six OEMs involved in this investigation have experienced EOS field events on at least one of their models equipped with a DS84 ASIC.  All vehicle models (including the Toyota models identified in the Failure Report Summary of the opening resume for this investigation) with field events have been recalled.  In an abundance of caution, ODI kept this investigation open five years to monitor field performance and did not identify any field events on vehicles not included in existing safety recalls. Given the spectrum of risk identified in this investigation and that all vehicles with a demonstrated unreasonable risk have been recalled, ODI is closing this investigation. ODI is closing this investigation with the following manufacturer safety recalls: 16V-668, 18E-043, 18V-137, 18V-363, and 20V-024.  With the recall actions taken by the subject vehicle and equipment manufacturers, this investigation is closed. The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding by NHTSA that a safety-related defect does not exists on other model or model year vehicles outside of the recall scopes. The agency reserves the right to take further action if warranted by the circumstances.