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2010 Dodge RAM 1500

Owner reports · Recalls · Investigations

Similar to other model years

Owner complaints for the 2010 Dodge RAM 1500 do not stand out strongly from the model-year median of 520.

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When problems were reported

Mileage at the reported incident

354 reports with mileage · 132 unknown

NHTSA’s mileage field refers to the reported incident, not necessarily the filing date. This shows report counts, not the likelihood of a failure.

What to inspect

Issues worth paying extra attention to based on owner reports.

  • Power Train. Review the 229 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Electrical System. Review the 71 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →
  • Engine. Review the 61 owner reports in this category and discuss these concerns during a pre-purchase inspection. Read reports →

NHTSA owner reports · September 18, 2026 snapshot.

26 crash reports3 fire reports10 injury reports

Wheels complaints

11 reports
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Mileage unknown · Aug 29, 2025
Power TrainSuspensionWheels

Me and my husband were driving down the road to go see a friend and all of a sudden the wheel hub assembly broke in half causing us to have to slam on our brakes and keep from crashing. The wheel almost ended up under our truck making the truck look like it was kachowing like Lightening McQueen from the movie Cars

NHTSA ODI #11683820

130,000 miles · Jun 15, 2019
Electrical SystemExterior LightingWheels

HEADLIGHT GREEN CONNECTOR CLIP FOR LOW BEER FAILS TO MAKE CONNECTION CAUSING HEADLAMP OUT.. CLEANING PRONGS INSIDE CLIP FIXES IT TEMPORARILY 2. TIRE PRESSURE SENSORS VAVLES DO NOT READ PROPERLY AND ARE EXTREMELY ANNOYING

NHTSA ODI #11220286

100,000 miles · Apr 11, 2017
Wheels

FRONT WHEEL BEARING ASSEMBLIES FAILING ,HAVE REPLACED BOTH SIDES ON 2010 DODGE AS WELL AS MY 2009 CHRYSLER 300C PROBLEMS WITH FAULTY WHEEL BEARING AT CHRYSLER???

NHTSA ODI #10971791

76,000 miles · Jun 7, 2016
Wheels

THE GOODYEAR HP 275/60R20. I HAVE 76000 MILES ON MY DODGE RAM1500 I AM CURRENTLY ON MY SECOND SET OF TIRES I REPLACED THE FIRST SET AT 42000 I HAVE RUFFLY 34000 ON THIS SET. AND I HAVE A BUBBLE ON THE TIRE THAT IS RUFFLY THE SIZE OF A QUARTER IN THE MIDDLE OF THE TREAD; ALSO HAVE INSIDE WEAR WEAR THE TREAD IS SEPARATING. THE TIR…

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THE GOODYEAR HP 275/60R20. I HAVE 76000 MILES ON MY DODGE RAM1500 I AM CURRENTLY ON MY SECOND SET OF TIRES I REPLACED THE FIRST SET AT 42000 I HAVE RUFFLY 34000 ON THIS SET. AND I HAVE A BUBBLE ON THE TIRE THAT IS RUFFLY THE SIZE OF A QUARTER IN THE MIDDLE OF THE TREAD; ALSO HAVE INSIDE WEAR WEAR THE TREAD IS SEPARATING. THE TIRES ARE HAVING EVEN WEAR THIS IS GOOD YEARS ISSUE !!!!! REMINDER THESE ARE 45000 MILE TREAD LIFE WARRANTY ????

NHTSA ODI #10872987

180,000 miles · Mar 29, 2016
WheelsCrash

TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2010 RAM 1500. WHILE DRIVING 62 MPH, THE REAR OF THE VEHICLE SPUN OUT OF CONTROL AND CRASHED INTO A BARRICADE. THERE WERE NO INJURIES. THERE WAS NO WARNING INDICATOR. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO A DEALER, BUT THE FAILURE WAS UNABLE TO BE REPLICATED. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT MADE …

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TL* THE CONTACT OWNS A 2010 RAM 1500. WHILE DRIVING 62 MPH, THE REAR OF THE VEHICLE SPUN OUT OF CONTROL AND CRASHED INTO A BARRICADE. THERE WERE NO INJURIES. THERE WAS NO WARNING INDICATOR. THE VEHICLE WAS TAKEN TO A DEALER, BUT THE FAILURE WAS UNABLE TO BE REPLICATED. THE VEHICLE WAS NOT REPAIRED. THE MANUFACTURER WAS NOT MADE AWARE OF THE FAILURE. THE FAILURE MILEAGE WAS 180,000. THE VIN WAS UNAVAILABLE.

NHTSA ODI #10852192

64,600 miles · Oct 6, 2015
SuspensionWheels

WHILE TRAVELLING ON A HIGHWAY (STRAIGHT AWAY) MY LEFT FRONT WHEEL BEARING LET GO CAUSING TIRE AND ROTOR TO DISCONNECT FROM VEHICLE CAUSING SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE. AFTER HAVING THE VEHICLE TOWED TO THE NEAREST DEALERSHIP THEY DISCOVERED THAT THE FRONT RIGHT WHEEL BEARING WAS IN VERY BAD SHAPE, NEEDING REPLACEMENT. VEHICLE HAS UNDER…

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WHILE TRAVELLING ON A HIGHWAY (STRAIGHT AWAY) MY LEFT FRONT WHEEL BEARING LET GO CAUSING TIRE AND ROTOR TO DISCONNECT FROM VEHICLE CAUSING SIGNIFICANT DAMAGE. AFTER HAVING THE VEHICLE TOWED TO THE NEAREST DEALERSHIP THEY DISCOVERED THAT THE FRONT RIGHT WHEEL BEARING WAS IN VERY BAD SHAPE, NEEDING REPLACEMENT. VEHICLE HAS UNDER 65000 MILES ON IT. PREVIOUS BEARINGS ON DODGE RAM TRUCKS HAVE BEEN RECALLED FOR SIMILAR ISSUES. THERE WAS NO PREVIOUS VIBRATION OR STEERING ISSUE UNTIL THE WHEEL CAME LOOSE.

NHTSA ODI #10780210

500,000 miles · Sep 30, 2014
SteeringSuspensionWheels

VIOLET SHAKING OF THE WHOLE VEHICLE, AND WON'T STOP UNTIL YOU SLOW, MORE RIDERS-WORSE THE AFFECT. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10640315

53,000 miles · Apr 11, 2014
Power TrainSteeringWheels

WE WERE DRIVING OUR 2010 DODGE RAM 1500 ON A COUNTY HIGHWAY WHEN WE HEARD A LOUD WHIRRING NOISE. AS WE APPROACHED A DOWNHILL SECTION AND MY HUSBAND TOOK HIS FOOT OFF THE GAS THE NOISE WENT AWAY, BUT CAME BACK LOUDER AS SOON AS HE PUT HIS FOOT ON THE ACCELERATOR. INSTANTLY THERE WAS A BIG BOOM AND THE REAR END OF THE VEHICLE LO…

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WE WERE DRIVING OUR 2010 DODGE RAM 1500 ON A COUNTY HIGHWAY WHEN WE HEARD A LOUD WHIRRING NOISE. AS WE APPROACHED A DOWNHILL SECTION AND MY HUSBAND TOOK HIS FOOT OFF THE GAS THE NOISE WENT AWAY, BUT CAME BACK LOUDER AS SOON AS HE PUT HIS FOOT ON THE ACCELERATOR. INSTANTLY THERE WAS A BIG BOOM AND THE REAR END OF THE VEHICLE LOCKED UP, THE FRONT END OF THE VEHICLE SWERVING WITH THE BACK END JACK KNIFING ON THE ROAD WHILE BOUNCING/BUCKING LIKE MOTION GIVEN THE TIRES FELT AS THOUGH THEY WERE ALSO LOCKED UP. WE COULD FEEL AND HEAR SOMETHING UNDER THE CAR BASHING THE UNDERCARRIAGE. THERE WERE NO ONCOMERS FORTUNATELY AND MY HUSBAND DID MANAGE TO STOP THE VEHICLE JUST SHORT OF THE GUARDRAIL AND GOING OVER THE RAVINE. THE CAR WAS STILL HALF IN THE LANE .. HORIZONTAL TO ONCOMING TRAFFIC. HE TURNED ON THE HAZARDS AND I JUMPED OUT, IT WAS DARK WITH NO LIGHTING ON THE ROAD AND HARD TO SEE UNTIL THE CAR BEHIND US STOPPED TO SEE IF WE WERE OK AND SAID OUR DRIVE SHAFT HAD DISCONNECTED. WE REMOVED OUR 2 YOUNG CHILDREN FROM THEIR CARSEATS, WAITED ON THE SIDE OF THE ROAD AND THE MEN TRIED TO MOVE THE TRUCK OUT OF ONCOMING TRAFFIC BUT THE TIRES WERE LOCKED. WE CALLED 911 FOR THE POLICE TO GIVE OUR CHILDREN A SAFER PLACE TO STAY OUT OF ONCOMING TRAFFIC AND TO PROVIDE DIRECTION TO ONCOMING TRAFFIC AS WE HAD A TOW TRUCK COME OUT TO BRING THE CAR TO THE NEARBY DODGE DEALERSHIP. THE DEALERSHIP LOOKED AT THE CAR, INFORMED US IT WAS PART OF A RECALL BUT THEY DIDN'T HAVE THE PARTS TO FIX IT IN STOCK. THEY DID NOT OFFER AN ALTERNATE VEHICLE TO US AND WE ARE STILL AWAITING WORD ON WHAT IS HAPPENING AT ALMOST A WEEK AFTER THIS INCIDENT TOOK PLACE. FOR ME THE INTEGRITY OF THE ENTIRE DRIVE SHAFT, UNDERCARRIAGE AND ALL EQUIPMENT/COMPONENTS OF THE VEHILE, TIRES WHICH WERE SHOWING SIGNS OF EXTREME WEAR AND LOW ON AIR ARE ALL NOW COMPROMISED. *JS

NHTSA ODI #10579149

63,000 miles · Sep 6, 2013
Power TrainWheels

M34 RECALL - WE BROUGHT THE CAR TO DEALER APRIL 2013 AND THEY COULD NOT FIX THE RECALL YET (WE HAVE THIS DOCUMENTED - "AS PER TECH NOT IN EFFECT YET"). ON 8/31 WE WERE ON NORTHERN STATE PARKWAY (EASTBOUND) AROUND 8PM WHEN THE CAR FAILED - VERY LOUD NOISE, LOSS OF VEHICLE CONTROL, HIT A CURB AND BARELY EXITED THE PARKWAY AT ROUT…

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M34 RECALL - WE BROUGHT THE CAR TO DEALER APRIL 2013 AND THEY COULD NOT FIX THE RECALL YET (WE HAVE THIS DOCUMENTED - "AS PER TECH NOT IN EFFECT YET"). ON 8/31 WE WERE ON NORTHERN STATE PARKWAY (EASTBOUND) AROUND 8PM WHEN THE CAR FAILED - VERY LOUD NOISE, LOSS OF VEHICLE CONTROL, HIT A CURB AND BARELY EXITED THE PARKWAY AT ROUTE 110 EXIT. VEHICLE COULD NOT MOVE AND REALIZED THE DRIVE SHAFT CAME OFF AND A PASSING CAR HIT THE DRIVE SHAFT, SEVERAL CARS HAD TO SWERVE AROUND IT, THE CAR FLUID LEAKING, ETC. WE HAD TO CALL AAA AND ARRANGE A TOW TRUCK ($181.95 PAID UP FRONT), ARRANGE TRANSPORTATION FOR OUR 12 YEAR OLD DAUGHTER WHO WAS IN THE CAR AT THE TIME OF THE INCIDENT AND MY WIFE AND I WERE TRANSPORTED BY THE TOW TRUCK. THIS ORDEAL TOOK 2 HOURS. WE ARRANGED FOR DEALER TO TOW THE CAR ON 9/4 - SMITH HAVEN CHRYSLER JEEP DODGE, SAINT JAMES, NY. THE DEALER HAS INFORMED US THAT CAN REPAIR THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE REAR LOCKING UP AND THE DRIVE SHAFT COMING LOSE, BUT THEY DO NOT HAVE THE PART TO FIX THE M34 RECALL. I OPENED CASE #23907979 WITH CHRYSLER 9/5. I AM GETTING CONFLICTING INFORMATION SINCE CHRYSLER REPRESENTATIVE INFORMS ME THAT THE PARTS ARE AVAILABLE CBAKM343AA, CBAKM344AA, CBAKM345AA, CBAKM346AA BUT WILL "TAKE A WHILE" TO GET AND THAT THE DEALER CAN ONLY ORDER/RECIEVE ONE OF THE FOUR PARTS AT A TIME. THIS DOES NOT MAKE SENSE TO ME. HOWEVER, THE SMITH HAVEN DEALER AND NHTSA RECORDS (REFERENCE # 565888) INDICATE THE PARTS TO FIX M34 ARE NOT AVAILABLE. THEREFORE, I AM GETTING CONFLICTING INFORMATION REGARDING THE ABILITY TO ADDRESS THE RECALL WHILE THE DEALER IS IN THE PROCESS OF REPAIRING THE DAMAGES AND RETURNING THE VEHICLE WITH THE RECALL ISSUE UNADDRESSED AND MY FAMILY AND I ARE FACING A REPEAT OF A POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS FAILURE AT ANY TIME IN THE FUTURE.

NHTSA ODI #10542336

18,000 miles · Jan 31, 2013
StructureWheels

AFTER HAND WASHING MY TRUCK, I NOTICES SIGNIFICANT DEFECT IN THE CHROME PARTS ON THE TRUCK. MOST OF THE CHROME IS COVERED IN CORROSION AND DISCOLORATION. THIS PROBLEM WAS FIRST NOTED WHEN THE TRUCK WAS ONE YEAR OLD BUT WAS VERY MINOR. THE DEFECTS HAVE SPREAD AND BECOME A MAJOR ISSUE ON THE BUMPERS, WHEELS, STEPS, AND TRIM. I WEN…

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AFTER HAND WASHING MY TRUCK, I NOTICES SIGNIFICANT DEFECT IN THE CHROME PARTS ON THE TRUCK. MOST OF THE CHROME IS COVERED IN CORROSION AND DISCOLORATION. THIS PROBLEM WAS FIRST NOTED WHEN THE TRUCK WAS ONE YEAR OLD BUT WAS VERY MINOR. THE DEFECTS HAVE SPREAD AND BECOME A MAJOR ISSUE ON THE BUMPERS, WHEELS, STEPS, AND TRIM. I WENT TO THE DEALER AND MET WITH THE REGIONAL CHRYSLER REP WHO INFORMED ME THAT THIS WOULD NOT BE COVERED. THEY TOOK THE STANCE THAT THE DAMAGE WAS DUE TO SOMETHING PICKED UP ON THE ROAD. I AM THE ORIGINAL OWNER OF THE TRUCK AND HAVE DRIVEN NOTHING BUT HIGHWAYS AND CITY STREETS. THIS CORROSION IS CONCERNING FOR A 2 YEAR OLD TRUCK WITH 18000 MILES THAT IS WELL CARED FOR AND GARAGE KEPT. CHRYSLER NEEDS TO STAND BY ITS PRODUCTS AND ENSURE A QUALITY PRODUCT. IF A 2 YEAR OLD TRUCK IS COVERED IN RUST IT'S VALUE IS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED. *TR

NHTSA ODI #10495332

Official recalls

4

18V160000 · Fuel System, Gasoline:storage:tank Assembly:mounting

Mar 8, 2018

Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2009-2012 Dodge Ram 1500 trucks currently, or ever registered, in Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Wisconsin and the District of Columbia. Exposure to environmental conditions such as water mixed with road salt may cause the front fuel tank strap frame "T-Slot" bracket to corrode, possibly causing the fuel tank to drop and make contact with the ground.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the fuel tank were to drop and contact the ground, a fuel leak may result. Additionally, in the event of a crash, the fuel tank may not remain secured to the vehicle, possibly causing a fuel leak. A fuel leak in the presence in an ignition source, can increase the risk of a fire.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners and dealers will bolt a bracket reinforcement to the frame, free of charge. The recall began May 2, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is U04.

17V821000 · Power Train:automatic Transmission:lever And Linkage:column Shift

Dec 20, 2017

Chrysler (FCA US LLC) is recalling certain 2016-2017 Ram 3500 Cab Chassis with a Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) of less than 10,000 lbs, 2011-2017 Ram 3500, 4500 and 5500 Cab Chassis vehicles, 2009-2017 Ram 1500 and 2010-2017 Ram 2500 and 3500 pickup trucks, all equipped with a column shifter. Pushing the brake pedal for prolonged periods when the vehicle is running and in PARK may cause the Brake Transmission Shift Interlock (BTSI) pin to stick in the open position. With the pin in the open position, the transmission can be shifted out of PARK into any gear without pushing the brake pedal or having the key in the ignition.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: Being able to shift the transmission without pushing the brake pedal and/or without a key in the ignition can increase the risk of an unintended vehicle rollaway that may result in personal injury or a crash.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will update the vehicle software, inspect the BTSI, and, as necessary, replace it, free of charge. The recall began February 26, 2018. Owners may contact Chrysler customer service at 1-800-853-1403. Chrysler's number for this recall is T79.

13V038000 · Power Train:driveline:differential Unit

Feb 6, 2013

Chrysler is recalling certain model year 2009-2012 Ram 1500 trucks manufactured from February 27, 2008, through June 30, 2009, and from December 1, 2009, through October 20, 2011; model year 2009-2011 Dodge Dakota trucks manufactured from February 27, 2007, through June 30, 2009, and from December 1, 2009, through September 30, 2011; model year 2009 Chrysler Aspen trucks manufactured from January 3, 2008, through December 18, 2008; and model year 2009 Dodge Durango trucks manufactured from January 3, 2008, through December 18, 2008. The rear axle pinion nut may loosen due to an undersized pinion spline that can allow relative motion between the nut and companion flange.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the rear axle pinion nut loosens, the axle can lock up and cause a loss of vehicle control and/or a vehicle crash with little warning.

Remedy: On November 7, 2013 Chrysler notified owners that dealers would install a pinion nut retainer, free of charge. In July 2015, and under a consent order with NHTSA, the company agreed to offer owners three options for remedying their vehicles: perform the original remedy, offer to repurchase the vehicle at the fair market value plus 10%, or offer an additional incentive offer towards the purchase of a new Dodge, Jeep, Chrysler, or Fiat vehicle. Chrysler will notify owners of the new recall options in a letter expected to be mailed on August 31, 2015. Owners may contact Chrysler at 1-800-247-9753. Chrysler's recall campaign number is N08.

12V474000 · Power Train:driveline:differential Unit

Oct 2, 2012

Chrysler is recalling certain model year 2009-2010, Ram 1500 and Dodge Dakota trucks, manufactured from July 1, 2009, through November 30, 2009, because the rear axle pinion nut may loosen due to a lack of adhesive.

Consequence & remedy

Consequence: If the rear axle pinion nut loosens, the axle can lock up and cause a loss of vehicle control and/or a vehicle crash with little warning.

Remedy: Chrysler will notify owners, and dealers will install a pinion nut retainer, free of charge. The recall began on June 17, 2013. Owners may contact Chrysler at 1-800-247-9753.

Model-level recall history does not show whether a particular VIN is affected or has received a repair. Check a VIN with NHTSA ↗

NHTSA investigations

1

EA19001 · Electrical Overstress

Opened Apr 19, 2019 · Closed Sep 19, 2024

Status: closed (inferred from source dates) · Air Bags: Air Bag/restraint Control Module

The Office of Defects Investigation (ODI) opened this investigation to determine if the failure of airbags to deploy during severe crashes, in certain vehicles, was the result of a safety related defect.  During the investigation a complex failure was studied that can result in non-deployment of subject vehicle air bags and other restraint system devices in severe crash events. The subject vehicles may be equipped with an airbag control unit (ACU) for the supplemental restraint system (SRS) Electronic Control Unit (ECU) manufactured by ZF-TRW.  The ECU receives signals from crash sensors mounted in the vehicle and deploys the vehicle air bags and seat belt pretensioners in accordance with manufacturer design specifications.  The ECU in the subject vehicles contains a model DS84 application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) which controls the communication of the crash sensor signal, firing commands (i.e., when to deploy the airbag(s) and/or pretensioners), and fault information (e.g., diagnostic trouble codes). In September 2016, FCA announced recall 16V-668 for certain model year (MY) 2010 to 2014 Chrysler, Dodge and Jeep products manufactured with the subject ZF-TRW ACU.  In this recall, FCA discussed an EOS condition that resulted in a failure of the subject DS84 ASIC, which caused air bag non-deployment.  FCA noted that the defect condition had only been observed in vehicles equipped with sensor harnessing routed across the front of the vehicle.  Other FCA vehicles that also used the subject ACU, but were not equipped with cross-car harnessing, had not experienced EOS failures, despite similar time in service. During the course of this investigation, ODI sent two separate Information Request (IR) letters to six vehicle manufactures (including FCA, Hyundai, Honda, Kia, Mitsubishi, and Toyota) and one IR letter to ZF-TRW.  These IR letters resulted in ODI receiving comprehensive data from these manufacturers and suppliers. Studies of this data found that the DS84 ASIC does not have sufficient protection against negative electrical transients or electrical overstress (“EOS”) that can be generated in certain severe crashes.  An electrical transient occurs when the electrical power supplied to a circuit changes momentarily over a short duration of time.   In these severe crash cases, the crash sensors and other powered wiring can be damaged and short circuited so as to create a negative electrical transient of sufficient intensity and duration (that are outside the vehicle manufacturer's specification) to damage the ASIC before the restraint device deployment signal is received by the SRS ECU.  This damaged signal can lead to incomplete or nondeployment of the air bags and/or pretensioners.  Airbag non-deployment and/or lack of pretensioner operation can increase the risk or severity of injury in a crash.A total of 8 fatalities and 14 injuries were associated with known EOS events. The common element in all investigated manufacturers vehicles is the SRS ECU containing a DS84 ASIC manufactured by ZF-TRW.  The risk associated with the ASIC is equally shared among all OEMS involved in the investigation.  The actual real-world risk can be mitigated by other factors which were assessed by ODI during this investigation. The first mitigating factor involves protections built into the ACU design which protect the DS84 ASIC from damage.  There are multiple strategies and levels of protection employed by different OEMs that provide effective EOS mitigation.  The two most common strategies at the ACU level are circuit protection diodes on the remote senor signal lines, and current limiting resistors that protect critical components. The second mitigating factor is found at the vehicle level and involves the location and routing of the wires leading from the crash sensors to the SRS ECU.  If the wires are well protected in a crash and are not routed with other power wires carrying large currents, the risk for an EOS event is significantly reduced or eliminated. These design specific factors combine to produce a spectrum of risk for the vehicles equipped with ACUs using the DS84 ASIC.  Given the many of years of field exposure, it is possible to divide the subject population into two groups; vehicles which have experienced EOS events, and vehicles which have not experienced EOS field events. Four of the six OEMs involved in this investigation have experienced EOS field events on at least one of their models equipped with a DS84 ASIC.  All vehicle models (including the Toyota models identified in the Failure Report Summary of the opening resume for this investigation) with field events have been recalled.  In an abundance of caution, ODI kept this investigation open five years to monitor field performance and did not identify any field events on vehicles not included in existing safety recalls. Given the spectrum of risk identified in this investigation and that all vehicles with a demonstrated unreasonable risk have been recalled, ODI is closing this investigation. ODI is closing this investigation with the following manufacturer safety recalls: 16V-668, 18E-043, 18V-137, 18V-363, and 20V-024.  With the recall actions taken by the subject vehicle and equipment manufacturers, this investigation is closed. The closing of this investigation does not constitute a finding by NHTSA that a safety-related defect does not exists on other model or model year vehicles outside of the recall scopes. The agency reserves the right to take further action if warranted by the circumstances.